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Gepubliceerd in:

01-05-2012 | Wetenschap

Bestudering van het normaal psychisch leven

Auteurs: A.-J. van de Pol, J. Derksen

Gepubliceerd in: GZ - Psychologie | Uitgave 4/2012

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Samenvatting

In 1913 stelt Karl Jaspers in de inleiding van zijn General Psychopathology, dat de psychologie van weinig waarde is voor de psychopatholoog, aangezien zij haar aandacht richt op allerlei interessante zaken, maar niet op het normaal psychisch leven. In dit artikel zullen we stellen dat anno 2012 in dit opzicht weinig is veranderd. Het normaal psychisch leven (= het niet-pathologische psychische leven) is in de afgelopen honderd jaar nauwelijks onderwerp van onderzoek geweest. De klinische psychologie heeft zich daarentegen voornamelijk geconcentreerd op een drietal andere onderwerpen, te weten: het mind-body probleem (bestaat de psyche wel of zijn wij uitsluitend hersenfunctionering?), het methodologisch debat (moet de psychologie nu kwantitatieve of kwalitatieve onderzoekresultaten als basis voor haar kennis hanteren?) en het psychotherapie-debat (is psychotherapie effectief en welke vorm is het meest effectief?). Zodoende is onze kennis op voornoemde terreinen aanzienlijk toegenomen, maar de vraag van Karl Jaspers naar het normaal psychisch leven is onbeantwoord gebleven. Met dit artikel willen we een lans breken voor een nieuwe focus voor de klinische psychologie: het psychisch leven zoals dat wordt beleefd bij mensen zonder psychopathologie. Aan de hand van drie voorbeelden uit het werkveld van de klinische psychologie – de Global Assessment of Functioning scale, empathie en de opkomst van de positieve psychologie in het afgelopen decennium – wordt het belang van een dergelijke nieuwe focus geïllustreerd. Tot slot wordt een viertal criteria voor de bestudering van het normaal psychisch leven geformuleerd. In het licht van deze criteria volgen drie suggesties voor de positieve psychologie, namelijk: 1) haar methodologie uit te breiden met fenomenologische onderzoeksmethodologie, 2) haar focus te verbreden van het optimaliseren van welbevinden naar het verstaan van normaal psychisch leven, en 3) het begrip normaliteit te definiëren in termen van natuurlijke functionaliteit in plaats van in termen van welbevinden.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Bestudering van het normaal psychisch leven
Auteurs
A.-J. van de Pol
J. Derksen
Publicatiedatum
01-05-2012
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
GZ - Psychologie / Uitgave 4/2012
Print ISSN: 1879-5080
Elektronisch ISSN: 1879-5099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41480-012-0032-0