Nineteen people with Asperger syndrome (AS)/High-Functioning Autism (HFA) (ages 7–15) were tested on imitation of two types of meaningless gesture: hand postures and finger positions. The individuals with AS/HFA achieved lower scores in the imitation of both hand and finger positions relative to a matched neurotypical group. The between-group difference was primarily accounted for by performance on a test of visual motor integration, together with a hand imitation deficit which was specifically due to errors in body part orientation. Our findings implicate both visuomotor processes (Damasio and Maurer,
1978) and self-other mapping (Rogers and Pennington,
1991) in ASD imitation deficits. Following Goldenberg (
1999), we propose that difficulties with body part orientation may underlie problems in meaningless gesture imitation.