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Psychological Research
Gepubliceerd in:

01-09-2008 | Original Article

Task switching based on externally presented versus internally generated information

Auteurs: Thomas Kleinsorge, Patrick D. Gajewski

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 5/2008

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Abstract

A number of observations from the task switching literature suggest that task preparation based on internally generated knowledge is less efficient than task preparation based on externally presented information. In the present study, we investigated task switching based on internally generated versus externally presented information and additionally varied the reliability of foreknowledge. Source and reliability of foreknowledge were varied between groups of participants. With reliable foreknowledge, the relevant task always conformed to foreknowledge, even when the features of the imperative stimulus called for an alternative task. With unreliable foreknowledge, the relevant task was determined by the imperative stimulus and foreknowledge was sometimes misleading. Apart from measuring switch costs, we examined the effectiveness of establishing a task set by measuring interference exerted by conflicting stimuli (conditions with reliable foreknowledge) or misled expectancies (conditions with unreliable foreknowledge). In terms of switch costs, we observed a slight superiority of externally presented over internally generated information when foreknowledge was reliable, but this relationship strongly reversed with unreliable foreknowledge. This conclusion was corroborated by observations regarding the effectiveness of task-set establishment in terms of proneness to interference.
vorige artikel Control by action representation and input selection (CARIS): a theoretical framework for task switching
volgende artikel Response inhibition under task switching: its strength depends on the amount of task-irrelevant response activation
Voetnoten
1
It is highly likely that performance in conditions with externally based foreknowledge was affected by implicit knowledge about the sequence of tasks. However, this should be unproblematic for the present purposes.
 
2
We used RT medians instead of means in order to deal with the enhanced between-subjects variability resulting from the incomplete crossing of the factors task and relation between successive tasks for individual participants (cf. Heuer et al., 2001).
 
3
A number of unpublished experiments from our lab have shown that the same pattern can be observed with verbal precues that are perceptually dissimilar to the task cues.
 
4
It may be argued that it is a shortcoming of our study that task switching based on internally represented information was associated with a lack of control over the exact point in time at which participants can start preparing for a task. However, this flexibility is a hallmark of plan-based behavior and therefore conceptually consistent with our line of reasoning.
 
Literatuur
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Metagegevens
Titel
Task switching based on externally presented versus internally generated information
Auteurs
Thomas Kleinsorge
Patrick D. Gajewski
Publicatiedatum
01-09-2008
Uitgeverij
Springer-Verlag
Gepubliceerd in
Psychological Research / Uitgave 5/2008
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-008-0137-7

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