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Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Gepubliceerd in:

01-11-2011 | Original Paper

Performance of Children with Autism on the Embedded Figures Test: A Closer Look at a Popular Task

Auteurs: Sarah J. White, David Saldaña

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 11/2011

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Abstract

The Embedded Figures Test assesses weak central coherence and individuals with autism are commonly assumed to perform superiorly; however, the evidence for this claim is somewhat mixed. Here, two large (N = 45 and 62) samples of high-functioning children (6–16 years) with autism spectrum disorder performed similarly to typically-developing children on accuracy and reaction time measures; this could not be attributed to insufficient power. Inconsistent past findings are most likely due to methodological and analysis techniques, as well as heterogeneity in central coherence within autism spectrum disorders. While this task has been useful in establishing weak central coherence as a cognitive theory in autism, inconsistent past findings and its inability to disentangle global and local processing suggest that it should be used with caution in the future.
vorige artikel The Role of Alexithymia in Reduced Eye-Fixation in Autism Spectrum Conditions
volgende artikel Brief Report: Perceptual Load and the Autism Spectrum in Typically Developed Individuals
Voetnoten
1
Both the control and ASD groups in sample 1 show a pattern of verbal greater than performance IQ. The controls were not selected for any particular profile, so we can only assume that this is a typical sample of children from this area. We can speculate that their higher verbal than performance IQs are due to the influence that the literacy and numeracy hours have had in recent years that have not been accounted for in the test standardization given that both literacy and numeracy skills load onto verbal IQ. The literacy and numeracy hours are part of an educational strategy introduced into schools in the UK in September 1998. The WISC-III-UK used here was published prior to this in 1992.
 
2
The Block Design subtest of the WISC is thought to tap into local processing biases similarly to the EFT. Here, although the ASD group Block Design mean was higher than that of the controls despite a slightly lower pIQ mean, we found no difference between the ASD and control groups on this measure, t (70) = 0. 487.
 
3
Given the uneven group sizes in both samples, the same between group analyses of accuracy and the three reaction time methods were repeated with reduced ASD samples (randomly selected) in order to match the group sizes. Again, no significant results were found.
 
4
Although no previous studies found small effect sizes, calculations were also made for power to detect these, resulting in .13, δ = 0.82, critical t (70) = 1.99, for sample 1, and 0.18, δ = 1.05, critical t (110) = 1.98, for sample 2. In addition, power analyses were replicated specifically for the ANCOVA in analysis 3 with similar results. The power of our samples for this test and a medium effect size of Cohen’s f = .25 was of .56 in sample 1 for an alpha of .05, with λ = 4.60, critical F (1,69) = 3.98, and .75 for sample 2, with a λ = 7.00, critical F (1,109) = 3.93.
 
Literatuur
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Metagegevens
Titel
Performance of Children with Autism on the Embedded Figures Test: A Closer Look at a Popular Task
Auteurs
Sarah J. White
David Saldaña
Publicatiedatum
01-11-2011
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 11/2011
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1182-4

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