Introduction
Methods and materials
Study population
Laboratory assessment
Clinical follow-up
Statistics
Results
Baseline characteristics
Variable | Total | Survivors | Non-survivors |
p-value1
|
---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 224) | (n = 65) | (n = 159) | ||
Age, years | 71 ± 10 | 67 ± 11 | 72 ± 9 | 0.001 |
Sex, male (%) | 72 | 60 | 77 | 0.008 |
HF, ischaemic aetiology (%) | 65 | 51 | 72 | 0.004 |
Duration of HF, years | 1.6 (0.3–5.8) | 0.4 (0.2–3.3) | 2.6 (0.4–6.5) | <0.001 |
NYHA class, III/IV (%) | 99 | 98 | 99 | 0.986 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes (%) | 30 | 20 | 33 | 0.047 |
COPD (%) | 28 | 29 | 27 | 0.740 |
CVA (%) | 10 | 8 | 11 | 0.417 |
Hypercholesterolaemia (%) | 47 | 48 | 49 | 0.853 |
Anaemia (%) | 17 | 8 | 20 | 0.023 |
Laboratory | ||||
Haemoglobin, mmol/l | 8.4 ± 1.0 | 8.6 ± 0.8 | 8.3 ± 1.0 | 0.135 |
Sodium, mmol/l | 138 ± 3 | 139 ± 3 | 138 ± 3 | 0.030 |
Potassium, mmol/l | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 0.446 |
Urea, mmol/l | 11.0 ± 5.4 | 9.6 ± 4.1 | 11.6 ± 5.8 | 0.005 |
Creatinine, μmol/l | 127 ± 36 | 115 ± 23 | 131 ± 40 | <0.001 |
MDRD | 52 ± 14 | 55 ± 13 | 51 ± 15 | 0.086 |
Leukocytes, ×10^9/l | 7.8 ± 2.2 | 7.5 ± 1.8 | 7.9 ± 2.4 | 0.157 |
CRP, mg/l | 8 (5–16) | 6 (3–11) | 10 (6–18) | <0.001 |
NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 2089 (973–4364) | 1725 (727–3341) | 2360 (1074–5776) | 0.003 |
Medication use | ||||
ACE inhibitors (%) | 88 | 91 | 87 | 0.419 |
ARBs (%) | 16 | 17 | 15 | 0.711 |
Beta-blockers (%) | 79 | 89 | 75 | 0.022 |
Calcium blockers (%) | 7 | 8 | 6 | 0.769 |
Digoxin (%) | 28 | 17 | 33 | 0.019 |
Diuretics (%) | 99 | 98 | 99 | 0.988 |
Nitrates (%) | 41 | 42 | 40 | 0.750 |
Plasma levels of ACT in patients and healthy controls
ACT levels and mortality
Discussion
Limitations
