Top

Gepubliceerd in:

30-06-2021 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Shame, Self-Compassion, and Valued Living Among Survivors of Interpersonal Violence

Auteurs: Korine B. Cabrera, Madeline B. Benz, Nora K. Kline, Kathleen M. Palm Reed

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 9/2021

Abstract

Objectives

Trauma-related shame is predictive of negative health consequences following interpersonal violence victimization, including development and severity of PTSD; however, less is known about its impact on other indicators of psychosocial functioning. Valued living refers to engagement in behaviors based on what brings someone purpose and may be disrupted in the aftermath of interpersonal violence victimization. A lack of a self-compassionate attitude may explain the negative effects of trauma-related shame in obstructing values-consistent behavior.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey design was used. One hundred forty-one survivors of interpersonal violence (age: M = 19.74, SD = 1.64 years; 83.7% female; 69.5% White) completed this anonymous, internet-based study. Participants completed measures assessing trauma history, self-compassion, trauma-related shame, and valued living.

Results

Parallel mediation models were used to examine the mediating effects of two components of self-compassion, compassionate self-responding and uncompassionate self-responding, on the relation between trauma-related shame and values obstruction and values progress, respectively. Results demonstrated significant indirect effects of uncompassionate self-responding on the relation between trauma-related shame and values obstruction (β = .20, p < .001, CI = 0.09, 0.30) and values progress (β = − 0.12, p < .01, CI = − 0.22, − 0.03), while controlling for PTSD symptom severity. Indirect effects through compassionate self-responding were not significant.

Conclusions

An inability to respond in a compassionate way to one’s own distressing internal states, such as trauma-related shame, may disrupt valued living. Future work should continue to highlight valued living as an important consideration in trauma recovery.

vorige artikel Mindfulness-Based Compassionate Living (MBCL): a Qualitative Study into the Added Value of Compassion in Recurrent Depression

volgende artikel Subsurface Confinement: Evidence from Submariners of the Benefits of Mindfulness

Andrews, B., Brewin, C. R., Rose, S., & Kirk, M. (2000). Predicting PTSD symptoms in victims of violent crime: The role of shame, anger, and childhood abuse. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 69–73. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.109.1.69.CrossRefPubMed

Au, T. M., Sauer-Zavala, S., King, M. W., Petrocchi, N., Barlow, D. H., & Litz, B. T. (2017). Compassion-based therapy for trauma-related shame and posttraumatic stress: Initial evaluation using a multiple baseline design. Behavior Therapy, 48(2), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.11.012.CrossRefPubMed

Barlow, M. R., Turow, R. E. G., & Gerhart, J. (2017). Trauma appraisals, emotion regulation difficulties, and self-compassion predict posttraumatic stress symptoms following childhood abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 65, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.006.CrossRef

Barnard, L. K., & Curry, J. F. (2011). Self-compassion: Conceptualizations, correlates, & interventions. Review of General Psychology, 15(4), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025754.CrossRef

Beck, J. G., McNiff, J., Clapp, J. D., Olsen, S. A., Avery, M. L., & Hagewood, J. H. (2011). Exploring negative emotion in women experiencing intimate partner violence: Shame, guilt, and PTSD. Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 740–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.04.001.CrossRefPubMed

Beck, J. G., Reich, C. M., Woodward, M. J., Olsen, S. A., Jones, J. M., & Patton, S. C. (2015). How do negative emotions relate to dysfunctional posttrauma cognitions? An examination of interpersonal trauma survivors. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 7(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032716.CrossRef

Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22059.CrossRefPubMed

Bohlmeijer, E. T., Lamers, S. M., & Fledderus, M. (2015). Flourishing in people with depressive symptomatology increases with acceptance and commitment therapy. Post-hoc analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 65, 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.014.CrossRefPubMed

Braehler, C., & Neff, K. (2020). Self-compassion in PTSD. In M. T. Tull & N. A. Kimbrel (Eds.), Emotion in posttraumatic stress disorder: Etiology, assessment, neurobiology, and treatment (p. 567–596). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816022-0.00020-X.

Breiding, M. J., Black, M. C., & Ryan, G. W. (2008). Prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence in eighteen US states/territories, 2005. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 34(2), 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.10.001.CrossRefPubMed

Breitenbecher, K. H. (2006). The relationships among self-blame, psychological distress, and sexual victimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 597–611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260506286842.CrossRefPubMed

Carmassi, C., Bertelloni, C. A., Gesi, C., Conversano, C., Stratta, P., Massimetti, G., Rossi, A., & Dell’Osso, L. (2017). New DSM-5 PTSD guilt and shame symptoms among Italian earthquake survivors: Impact on maladaptive behaviors. Psychiatry Research, 251, 142–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.026.CrossRefPubMed

Carvalho, S. A., Palmeira, L., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Gillanders, D., & Castilho, P. (2018). The utility of the valuing questionnaire in chronic pain. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 9, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.06.002.CrossRef

Coker, A. L., Davis, K. E., Arias, I., Desai, S., Sanderson, M., Brandt, H. M., & Smith, P. H. (2002). Physical and mental health effects of intimate partner violence for men and women. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 23(4), 260–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00514-7.CrossRefPubMed

Coker, A. L., Follingstad, D. R., Bush, H. M., & Fisher, B. S. (2016). Are interpersonal violence rates higher among young women in college compared with those never attending college? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(8), 1413–1429. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514567958.CrossRefPubMed

Cunningham, K. C., Davis, J. L., Wilson, S. M., & Resick, P. A. (2017). A relative weights comparison of trauma-related shame and guilt as predictors of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity among US veterans and military members. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(2), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12163.CrossRef

Dahm, K. A., Meyer, E. C., Neff, K. D., Kimbrel, N. A., Gulliver, S. B., & Morissette, S. B. (2015). Mindfulness, self-compassion, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and functional disability in US Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(5), 460–464. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22045.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

DeCou, C. R., Mahoney, C. T., Kaplan, S. P., & Lynch, S. M. (2019). Coping self-efficacy and trauma-related shame mediate the association between negative social reactions to sexual assault and PTSD symptoms. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11(1), 51–54. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000379.CrossRef

Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1977). Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 39(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x.CrossRef

Dillon, G., Hussain, R., Loxton, D., & Rahman, S. (2013). Mental and physical health and intimate partner violence against women: a review of the literature. International Journal of Family Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/313909.

Dodou, D., & de Winter, J. C. (2014). Social desirability is the same in offline, online, and paper surveys: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 487–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.005.CrossRef

Donahue, J. J., Huggins, J., & Marrow, T. (2017). Posttraumatic stress symptom severity and functional impairment in a trauma-exposed sample: A preliminary examination into the moderating role of valued living. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.01.003.CrossRef

Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0.CrossRefPubMed

Feiring, C., Taska, L., & Chen, K. (2002). Trying to understand why horrible things happen: Attribution, shame, and symptom development following sexual abuse. Child Maltreatment, 7(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559502007001003.CrossRef

Gillan, C. M., & Daw, N. D. (2016). Taking psychiatry research online. Neuron, 91, 19–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.002.CrossRefPubMed

Harned, M. S., Wilks, C. R., Schmidt, S. C., & Coyle, T. N. (2018). Improving functional outcomes in women with borderline personality disorder and PTSD by changing PTSD severity and post-traumatic cognitions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 103, 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.02.002.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. The Guilford Press.

Hayes, S. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2010). Changes in proposed mechanisms of action during an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(3), 238–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.006.CrossRefPubMed

Hayes, S. C., Levin, M. E., Plumb-Vilardaga, J., Villatte, J. L., & Pistorello, J. (2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy and contextual behavioral science: Examining the progress of a distinctive model of behavioral and cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy, 44(2), 180–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2009.08.002.CrossRefPubMed

Hoffart, A., Øktedalen, T., & Langkaas, T. F. (2015). Self-compassion influences PTSD symptoms in the process of change in trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapies: A study of within-person processes. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1273. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01273.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hooper, L. M., Stockton, P., Krupnick, J. L., & Green, B. L. (2011). Development, use, and psychometric properties of the Trauma History Questionnaire. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 16(3), 258–283. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21995.CrossRef

Iverson, K. M., Dick, A., McLaughlin, K. A., Smith, B. N., Bell, M. E., Gerber, M. R., ... & Mitchell, K. S. (2013). Exposure to interpersonal violence and its associations with psychiatric morbidity in a US national sample: a gender comparison. Psychology of Violence, 3(3), 273. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030956.

Kashdan, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44, 1301–1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.003.CrossRef

Keen, S. M., Kutter, C. J., Niles, B. L., & Krinsley, K. E. (2008). Psychometric properties of PTSD Checklist in sample of male veterans. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 45(3), 465–474. https://doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2007.09.0138.CrossRef

Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52(12), 1048–1060. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012.CrossRefPubMed

Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Ruggiero, K. J., Conoscenti, L. M., & McCauley, J. (2007). Drug-facilitated, incapacitated, and forcible rape: a national study. National Criminal Justice Reference Service.

Kim, S., Thibodeau, R., & Jorgensen, R. S. (2011). Shame, guilt, and depressive symptoms: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 137(1), 68–96. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021466.CrossRefPubMed

Koss, M. P., Gidycz, C. A., & Wisniewski, N. (1987). The scope of rape: Incidence and prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a national sample of higher education students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(2), 162–170. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.55.2.162.CrossRefPubMed

Krebs, C., Lindquist, C., Berzofsky, M., Shook-Sa, B., Peterson, K., Planty, M., & Stroop, J. (2016). Campus climate survey validation study: Final technical report. BJS, Office of Justice Programs.

Krug, E. G., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., & Zwi, A. B. (2002). The world report on violence and health. The Lancet, 360(9339), 1083–1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11133-0.CrossRef

La Bash, H., & Papa, A. (2014). Shame and PTSD symptoms. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 6(2), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032637.CrossRef

Lamers, S. M., Westerhof, G. J., Glas, C. A., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2015). The bidirectional relation between positive mental health and psychopathology in a longitudinal representative panel study. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(6), 553–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1015156.CrossRef

Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5), 887–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.887.CrossRefPubMed

Lee, D. A., Scragg, P., & Turner, S. (2001). The role of shame and guilt in traumatic events: A clinical model of shame-based and guilt-based PTSD. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 74(4), 451–466. https://doi.org/10.1348/000711201161109.CrossRef

Levin, M. E., Krafft, J., Pierce, B., & Potts, S. (2018). When is experiential avoidance harmful in the moment? Examining global experiential avoidance as a moderator. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 61, 158–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.07.005.CrossRefPubMed

Lewis, M. (1995). Shame: The exposed self. The Free Press.

Mellins, C. A., Walsh, K., Sarvet, A. L., Wall, M., Gilbert, L., Santelli, J. S., & hompson, M., Wilson, P. A., Khan, S., Benson, S., Bah, K., Kaufman, K. A., Reardon, L., & Hirsch, J. S. . (2017). Sexual assault incidents among college undergraduates: Prevalence and factors associated with risk. PLoS ONE, 12(11), e0186471. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186471.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Meyer, E. C., Frankfurt, S. B., Kimbrel, N. A., DeBeer, B. B., Gulliver, S. B., & Morrisette, S. B. (2018). The influence of mindfulness, self-compassion, psychological flexibility, and posttraumatic stress disorder on disability and quality of life over time in war veterans. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(7), 1272–1280. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22596.CrossRefPubMed

Michelson, S. E., Lee, J. K., Orsillo, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2011). The role of values-consistent behavior in generalized anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 28(5), 358–366. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20793.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Muris, P., & Petrocchi, N. (2017). Protection or vulnerability? A meta-analysis of the relations between the positive and negative components of self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24(2), 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2005.CrossRef

Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027.CrossRef

Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., Yarnell, L. M., Arimitsu, K., Castilho, P., Ghorbani, N., ... & Mantzios, M. (2019). Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 20 diverse samples: support for use of a total score and six subscale scores. Psychological Assessment, 31(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000629.

Øktedalen, T., Hagtvet, K. A., Hoffart, A., Langkaas, T. F., & Smucker, M. (2014). The Trauma Related Shame Inventory: Measuring trauma-related shame among patients with PTSD. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 36(4), 600–615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-014-9422-5.CrossRef

Orsillo, S. M., & Batten, S. V. (2005). Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior Modification, 29(1), 95–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445504270876.CrossRefPubMed

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879.CrossRef

Rizvi, S. L., Brown, M. Z., Bohus, M., & Linehan, M. M. (2011). The role of shame in the development and treatment of borderline personality disorder. In R. L. Dearing & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Shame in the therapy hour (p. 237–260). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12326-010.

Rodriguez, P., Holowka, D. W., & Marx, B. P. (2012). Assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder-related functional impairment: A review. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 49(5), 649–666. https://doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2011.09.0162.CrossRefPubMed

Saraiya, T., & Lopez-Castro, T. (2016). Ashamed and afraid: A scoping review of the role of shame in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 5(11), 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm5110094.CrossRefPubMedCentral

Seligowski, A. V., Miron, L. R., & Orcutt, H. K. (2015). Relations among self-compassion, PTSD symptoms, and psychological health in a trauma-exposed sample. Mindfulness, 6(5), 1033–1041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0351-x.CrossRef

Shapiro, D. N., Chandler, J., & Mueller, P. A. (2013). Using Mechanical Turk to study clinical populations. Clinical Psychological Science, 1, 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702612469015.CrossRef

Sheehy, K., Noureen, A., Khaliq, A., Dhingra, K., Husain, N., Pontin, E. E., Cawley, R., & Taylor, P. J. (2019). An examination of the relationship between shame, guilt and self-harm: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 73, 101779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101779.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Smout, M., Davies, M., Burns, N., & Christie, A. (2014). Development of the valuing questionnaire (VQ). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(3), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.06.001.CrossRef

Sumner, S. A., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., Hillis, S. D., Klevens, J., & Houry, D. (2015). Violence in the United States: Status, challenges, and opportunities. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 314(5), 478–488. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.8371.CrossRefPubMed

Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Shame and guilt. The Guilford Press.

Tangney, J. P., Miller, R. S., Flicker, L., & Barlow, D. H. (1996). Are shame, guilt, and embarrassment distinct emotions? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 1256–1269. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1256.CrossRefPubMed

Tipsword, J. M., Brown-Iannuzzi, J. L., Jones, A. C., Flores, J., & Badour, C. L. (2021). Avoidance coping partially accounts for the relationship between trauma-related shame and PTSD symptoms following interpersonal trauma. Violence Against Women. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801220988350.

Tran, H. N., & Beck, J. G. (2019). Are peritraumatic perceptions of fear/life threat and posttraumatic negative self-conscious appraisals/emotions differentially associated with PTSD symptoms? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 43(1), 272–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-018-9903-z.CrossRef

Trompetter, H. R., de Kleine, E., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2017). Why does positive mental health buffer against psychopathology? An exploratory study on self-compassion as a resilience mechanism and adaptive emotion regulation strategy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-016-9774-0.CrossRefPubMed

Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov.

Wersebe, H., Lieb, R., Meyer, A. H., Hoyer, J., Wittchen, H. U., & Gloster, A. T. (2017). Changes of valued behaviors and functioning during an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.11.005.CrossRef

Wilson, K. G., & Murrell, A. R. (2004). Values work in acceptance and commitment therapy. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive–behavioral tradition (p. 120–151). The Guilford Press.

Wittenberg, E., Joshi, M., Thomas, K. A., & McCloskey, L. A. (2007). Measuring the effect of intimate partner violence on health-related quality of life: A qualitative focus group study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-5-67.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

World Health Organization. (2020). Definition and typology of violence. World Health Organization Violence Prevention Alliance. https://www.who.int/violenceprevention/approach/definition/en/.

Zhou, X.-H. (2019). Challenges and strategies in analysis of missing data. Biostatistics & Epidemiology, 4(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/24709360.2018.1469810.

Titel: Shame, Self-Compassion, and Valued Living Among Survivors of Interpersonal Violence
Auteurs: Korine B. Cabrera
Madeline B. Benz
Nora K. Kline
Kathleen M. Palm Reed
Publicatiedatum: 30-06-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 9/2021
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01676-8

Andere artikelen Uitgave 9/2021

Yesterday I Died

MINDFULNESS IN PRACTICE

The Buddha’s Awakening

Open Access
ORIGINAL PAPER

Self-Compassion, Wellbeing, and Distress in Adolescents and Young Adults with Chronic Medical Conditions: the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties

ORIGINAL PAPER

Trait Mindfulness Moderates the Association Between Stressor Exposure and Perceived Stress in Law Enforcement Officers

ORIGINAL PAPER

The Relations Between Self-Compassion, Self-Coldness, and Psychological Functioning Among North American and Hong Kong College Students

ORIGINAL PAPER

Daniel Goleman and Richard J. Davidson: Altered Traits: Science Reveals How Meditation Changes Your Mind, Brain, and Body. Avery, New York, NY, 2017, 336 pp

BOOK REVIEW

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Shame, Self-Compassion, and Valued Living Among Survivors of Interpersonal Violence

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Andere artikelen Uitgave 9/2021

Yesterday I Died

The Buddha’s Awakening

Self-Compassion, Wellbeing, and Distress in Adolescents and Young Adults with Chronic Medical Conditions: the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties

Trait Mindfulness Moderates the Association Between Stressor Exposure and Perceived Stress in Law Enforcement Officers

The Relations Between Self-Compassion, Self-Coldness, and Psychological Functioning Among North American and Hong Kong College Students

Daniel Goleman and Richard J. Davidson: Altered Traits: Science Reveals How Meditation Changes Your Mind, Brain, and Body. Avery, New York, NY, 2017, 336 pp

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Yesterday I Died

The Buddha’s Awakening

Self-Compassion, Wellbeing, and Distress in Adolescents and Young Adults with Chronic Medical Conditions: the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties

Trait Mindfulness Moderates the Association Between Stressor Exposure and Perceived Stress in Law Enforcement Officers

The Relations Between Self-Compassion, Self-Coldness, and Psychological Functioning Among North American and Hong Kong College Students

Daniel Goleman and Richard J. Davidson: Altered Traits: Science Reveals How Meditation Changes Your Mind, Brain, and Body. Avery, New York, NY, 2017, 336 pp