Top

Gepubliceerd in:

24-09-2018 | Empirical Research

Social Withdrawal and Social Surrogacy in Emerging Adulthood

Auteurs: Leanna M. Closson, Alicia McVarnock, Kellie Sanford

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 4/2019

Abstract

Shyness has been well established as a hindrance to social adjustment and may be problematic for emerging adults attending university, given the high social expectations placed upon students. Previous studies suggest emerging adults high in shyness recruit their friends to act as social surrogates in order to help reduce the stress of entering social interactions; yet, whether other less studied forms of social withdrawal (i.e., avoidance, unsociability) are associated with social surrogacy remains uninvestigated. The goal of the present study was to examine differences between subtypes of withdrawal as related to social surrogacy, while considering the roles of social anxiety and social self-efficacy. Participants were 961 emerging adults (76% female; 67% Caucasian) between the ages of 18 and 25 (M = 20.15, SD = 1.71). The results indicated that patterns of social surrogacy varied between withdrawal subtypes, such that social surrogacy was positively related to shyness, and negatively related to unsociability, whereas avoidance yielded mixed results. The findings highlight the importance of considering withdrawal motivations in understanding social surrogacy.

vorige artikel Friends and Education: Identity Patterns across Domains and Associations with Emotion Dysregulation and Identity Disturbance

volgende artikel Talking Together, Thinking Alone: Relations among Co-Rumination, Peer Relationships, and Rumination

Arbeau, K. A., Coplan, R. J., & Matheson, A. (2012). Someone to lean on: Assessment and implications of social surrogate use in childhood. Social Development, 21, 254–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00612.CrossRef

Arnett, J. J. (2015). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

Arnett, J. J. (2016). College students as emerging adults: The developmental implications of the college context. Emerging Adulthood, 4, 219–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696815587422.CrossRef

Barry, C. M., Nelson, L. J., & Christofferson, J. L. (2013). Asocial and afraid: An examination of shyness and anxiety in emerging adulthood. Journal of Family Studies, 19, 2–18. https://doi.org/10.5172/jfs.2012.1979.CrossRef

Boucher, E. M., & Cummings, J. A. (2014). Revisiting the social surrogate hypothesis: Social anxiety and recruiting others for social events. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 33, 653–672. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2014.33.7.653.CrossRef

Boucher, E. M., & Cummings, J. A. (2017). Social anxiety and social surrogacy in college roommate relationships. European Journal of Personality, 31, 63–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2090.CrossRef

Bowker, J. C., Ojo, A. A., & Bowker, M. H. (2016). Perceptions of social withdrawal during emerging adulthood in Lagos, Nigera. Journal of Adolescence, 47, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.11.006.CrossRefPubMed

Bradshaw, S. D. (1998). I’ll go if you will: Do shy persons utilize social surrogates? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 651–669. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407598155005.CrossRef

Brown, L. H., Silvia, P. J., Myin-Germeys, I., & Kwapil, T. R. (2007). When the need to belong goes wrong: The expression of social anhedonia and social anxiety in daily life. Psychological Science, 18, 778–782. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01978.x.CrossRefPubMed

Buote, V. M., Pancer, S. M., Pratt, M. W., Adams, G., Birnie-Lefcovitch, S., Polivy, J., & Wintre, M. G. (2007). The importance of friends: Friendship and adjustment among 1st- year university students. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22, 665–689.CrossRef

Connor, K. M., Kobak, K. A., Churchill, L. E., Katzelnick, D., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2001). Mini-SPIN: A brief screening assessment for generalized social anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 14, 137–140.CrossRefPubMed

Coplan, R. J., & Ooi, L. (2014). The causes and consequences of “playing alone” in childhood. In R. J. Coplan & J. C. Bowker (Eds.), The handbook of solitude: psychological perspectives on social isolation, social withdrawal, and being alone (pp. 111–128). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Coplan, R. J., Rose-Krasnor, L., Weeks, M., Kingsbury, A., Kingsbury, M., & Bullock, A. (2013). Alone is a crowd: Social motivations, social withdrawal, and socioemotional functioning in later childhood. Developmental Psychology, 49, 861–875. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028861.CrossRefPubMed

Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2013). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of stress and coping in first year undergraduates. British Educational Research Journal, 39, 1002–1024.CrossRef

Di Giunta, L., Eisenberg, N., Kupfer, A., Steca, P., Tramontano, C., & Caprara, G. V. (2010). Assessing perceived empathic and social self-efficacy across countries. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26, 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000012.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Garcia-Lopez, L., & Moore, H. T. A. (2015). Validation and diagnostic efficiency of the mini-SPIN in Spanish-speaking adolescents. PLoS ONE, 10, e0135862 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135862.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Grose, J. R., & Coplan, R. J. (2015). Longitudinal outcomes of shyness from childhood to emerging adulthood. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 176, 408–413.CrossRefPubMed

Helbig-Lang, S., & Petermann, F. (2010). Tolerate or eliminate? A systematic review on the effect of safety behavior across anxiety disorders. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 17, 218–233.

Markovic, A., & Bowker, J. C. (2015). Social surrogacy and adjustment: Exploring the correlates of having a ‘social helper’ for shy and non-shy young adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 176, 110–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2015.1007916.CrossRefPubMed

Meng, H., Huang, P., Hou, N., & Fan, J. (2015). Social self-efficacy predicts Chinese college students’ first-year transition: A four-wave longitudinal investigation. Journal of Career Assessment, 23, 410–426. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072714547482.CrossRef

Nelson, L. J. (2013). Going it alone: Comparing subtypes of withdrawal on indices of adjustment and maladjustment in emerging adulthood. Social Development, 22, 522–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2012.00671.x.CrossRef

Nelson, L. J., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Badger, S., Barry, C. M., Carroll, J. S., & Madsen, S. D. (2008). Associations between shyness and internalizing behaviours, externalizing behaviours, and relationships during emerging adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 605–615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9203-5.CrossRef

Nikitin, J., & Schoch, S. (2014). Social approach and avoidance motivations. In R. J. Coplan & J. C. Bowker (Eds.), The handbook of solitude: psychological perspectives on social isolation, social withdrawal, and being alone (pp. 202–223). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Osorio, F. L., Crippa, J. A., & Loureiro, S. R. (2007). A study of the discriminative validity of a screening tool (Mini-SPIN) for social anxiety disorder applied to Brazilian university students. European Psychiatry, 22, 239–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.003.CrossRef

Peschard, V., & Philippot, P. (2017). Overestimation of threat from neutral faces and voices in social anxiety. Journal of Behavior Theory and Experimental Psychiatry, 57, 206–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.06.003.CrossRef

Poole, K. L., Van Lieshout, R. J., & Schmidt, L. A. (2017). Exploring relations between shyness and social anxiety disorder: The role of sociability. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 55–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.020.CrossRef

Rubin, K. H., & Barstead, M. G. (2014). Gender differences in child and adolescent social withdrawal: A commentary. Sex Roles, 70, 274–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0357-9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rubin, K. H., Bowker, J. C., & Coplan, R. J. (2018). Avoiding and withdrawing from the peer group. In W. M. Bukowski, B. Laursen & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), Handbook of peer interaction, relationships, and groups. 2nd ed. (pp. 322–346). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Scott., G. G., Boyle, E. A., Czerniawska, K., & Courtney, A. (2018). Posting photos on Facebook: The impact of narcissism, social anxiety, loneliness, and shyness. Personality and Individual Differences, 133, 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.039.CrossRef

Sevinc, S., & Gizir, C. A. (2014). Factors negatively affecting university adjustment from the views of first-year university student: The case of Mersin University. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri, 14, 1301–1308.

Sharon, T. (2016). Constructing adulthood: Markers of adulthood and well-being among emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 4, 161–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696815579826.CrossRef

Souma, T., Ura, M., Isobe, C., Hasegawa, K., & Morita, A. (2008). How do shy people expand their social networks? Using social surrogates as a strategy to expand one’s network. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 11, 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2007.00244.CrossRef

Taylor, C. T., & Amir, N. (2012). Modifying automatic approach action tendencies in individuals with elevated social anxiety symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 529–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.05.004.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tsui, T. Y. L., Lahat, A., & Schmidt, L. A. (2017). Linking temperamental shyness and social anxiety in childhood and adolescence: Moderating influences of sex and age. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 48, 778–785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-016-0702-z.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Social Withdrawal and Social Surrogacy in Emerging Adulthood
Auteurs: Leanna M. Closson
Alicia McVarnock
Kellie Sanford
Publicatiedatum: 24-09-2018
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 4/2019
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0932-4

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2019

Talking Together, Thinking Alone: Relations among Co-Rumination, Peer Relationships, and Rumination

Empirical Research

A Culturally Sensitive Approach to the Relationships between Identity Formation and Religious Beliefs in Youth

Empirical Research

Presubmission Inquiries: Problematic, Counterproductive, and Unnecessary

Editorial

Differences in Sensitivity to Environment Depending on Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Gene? A Meta-analysis of Child and Adolescent Gene-by-Environment Studies

Empirical Research

Friends and Education: Identity Patterns across Domains and Associations with Emotion Dysregulation and Identity Disturbance

Empirical Research

Shame and Non-suicidal Self-injury: Conceptualization and Preliminary Test of a Novel Developmental Model among Emerging Adults

Empirical Research

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Social Withdrawal and Social Surrogacy in Emerging Adulthood

Abstract

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2019

Talking Together, Thinking Alone: Relations among Co-Rumination, Peer Relationships, and Rumination

A Culturally Sensitive Approach to the Relationships between Identity Formation and Religious Beliefs in Youth

Presubmission Inquiries: Problematic, Counterproductive, and Unnecessary

Differences in Sensitivity to Environment Depending on Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Gene? A Meta-analysis of Child and Adolescent Gene-by-Environment Studies

Friends and Education: Identity Patterns across Domains and Associations with Emotion Dysregulation and Identity Disturbance

Shame and Non-suicidal Self-injury: Conceptualization and Preliminary Test of a Novel Developmental Model among Emerging Adults

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Talking Together, Thinking Alone: Relations among Co-Rumination, Peer Relationships, and Rumination

A Culturally Sensitive Approach to the Relationships between Identity Formation and Religious Beliefs in Youth

Presubmission Inquiries: Problematic, Counterproductive, and Unnecessary

Differences in Sensitivity to Environment Depending on Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Gene? A Meta-analysis of Child and Adolescent Gene-by-Environment Studies

Friends and Education: Identity Patterns across Domains and Associations with Emotion Dysregulation and Identity Disturbance

Shame and Non-suicidal Self-injury: Conceptualization and Preliminary Test of a Novel Developmental Model among Emerging Adults