This chapter presents the basics necessary for professionals to provide effective treatment of pain disorders in children and adolescents. These basics are independent of the actual therapeutic setting or the therapists’ medical or therapeutic backgrounds. The reader will get to know the “Three Thought Traps” favoring the development of pain disorders. We then discuss the necessity of active pain coping strategies and of integrating the family into the therapy. We present important aspects of drug-based pain therapy and medical background information on the most important biological determinants of chronic headache, abdominal pain, or back pain in childhood and adolescence. Finally, we discuss therapeutic attitude and the functionality of pain.