Top

Gepubliceerd in:

07-07-2015 | Original Article

The Main and Interactive Effects of Maternal Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Negative Affect on Adolescent Girls’ Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms

Auteurs: Katherine L. Dixon-Gordon, Diana J. Whalen, Lori N. Scott, Nicole D. Cummins, Stephanie D. Stepp

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 3/2016

Abstract

The transaction of adolescent’s expressed negative affect and parental interpersonal emotion regulation are theoretically implicated in the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Although problem solving and support/validation are interpersonal strategies that foster emotion regulation, little is known about whether these strategies are associated with less BPD severity among adolescents. Adolescent girls (age 16; N = 74) and their mothers completed a conflict discussion task, and maternal problem solving, support/validation, and girls’ negative affect were coded. Girls’ BPD symptoms were assessed at four time points. A 3-way interaction of girls’ negative affect, problem solving, and support/validation indicated that girls’ negative affect was only associated with BPD severity in the context of low maternal support/validation and high maternal problem solving. These variables did not predict changes in BPD symptoms over time. Although high negative affect is a risk for BPD severity in adolescent girls, maternal interpersonal emotion regulation strategies moderate this link. Whereas maternal problem solving coupled with low support/validation is associated with a stronger negative affect-BPD relation, maternal problem solving paired with high support/validation is associated with an attenuated relationship.

vorige artikel Adolescent Substance Use & Psychopathology: Interactive Effects of Cortisol Reactivity and Emotion Regulation

volgende artikel Childhood Maltreatment Exposure and Disruptions in Emotion Regulation: A Transdiagnostic Pathway to Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology

Of note, when maternal problem solving was considered as the independent variable, and girls’ negative affect and maternal support/validation were considered as moderators, maternal problem solving was associated with lower BPD severity in the context of low girls’ negative affect and low maternal support/validation, B = −0.28, SE = 0.12, z = −2.38, p = .02. In contrast, in the context of low girls’ negative affect and high maternal support/validation, there was no significant association between maternal problem solving and BPD severity, B = 0.21, SE = .27, z = 0.77, p = .44. In the context of high girls’ negative affect and low maternal support/validation, problem solving was marginally associated with BPD severity, B = 0.50, SE = 0.27, z = 1.87, p = .06, whereas in the context of high girls’ negative affect and high maternal support/validation, maternal problem solving was marginally associated with lower BPD severity, B = −0.38, SE = 0.21, z = −1.76, p = .08. In terms of regions of significance, simple slopes were significant outside the region demarcated by girls’ negative affect at the lower bound (−1.12) and upper bound (2.36) of low maternal support/validation.

Although the incorporation of repeated measures of BPD severity increases our power to detect significant effects (Raudenbush and Xiao-Feng 2001), given the absence of significant interactions with time, we trimmed the interactions with time from the model and estimated the model again. The interaction of girls’ negative affect, maternal problem solving, and maternal support/validation remained significant, B = −0.12, SE = 0.05, p = .02.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (2004). Mentalization-based treatment of BPD. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18(1), 36–51.CrossRefPubMed

Beauchaine, T. P., Klein, D. N., Crowell, S. E., Derbidge, C., & Gatzke-Kopp, L. (2009). Multifinality in the development of personality disorders: A biology × Sex × environment interaction model of antisocial and borderline traits. Development and Psychopathology, 21(3), 735–770. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000418.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Becker, D. F., McGlashan, T. H., & Grilo, C. M. (2006). Exploratory factor analysis of borderline personality disorder criteria in hospitalized adolescents. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47(2), 99–105. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.07.003.CrossRefPubMed

Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & Neer, S. M. (1997). The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(4), 545–553. doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00018.CrossRefPubMed

Carlson, E. A., Egeland, B., & Sroufe, L. A. (2009). A prospective investigation of the development of borderline personality symptoms. Development and Psychopathology, 21(4), 1311–1334. doi:10.1017/S0954579409990174.CrossRefPubMed

Chabrol, H., Montovany, A., Ducongé, E., Kallmeyer, A., Mullet, E., & Leichsenring, F. (2004). Factor structure of the borderline personality inventory in adolescents. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 20, 59–65.CrossRef

Chanen, A. M., & McCutcheon, L. (2013). Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: Current status and recent evidence. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(s54), s24–s29. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.119180.CrossRef

Crowell, S. E., Beauchaine, T. P., & Linehan, M. M. (2009). A biosocial developmental model of borderline personality: Elaborating and extending Linehan’s theory. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 495–510. doi:10.1037/a0015616.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Crowell, S. E., Beauchaine, T. P., McCauley, E., Smith, C. J., Vasilev, C. A., & Stevens, A. L. (2008). Parent-child interactions, peripheral serotonin, and self-inflicted injury in adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(1), 15–21. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.15.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Davidov, M., & Grusec, J. E. (2006). Untangling the links of parental responsiveness to distress and warmth to child outcomes. Child Development, 77(1), 44–58. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00855.x.CrossRefPubMed

Feng, B. (2009). Testing an integrated model of advice giving in supportive interactions. Human Communication Research, 35(1), 115–129. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2008.01340.x.CrossRef

Fruzzetti, A. E., Shenk, C. E., & Hoffman, P. D. (2005). Family interaction and the development of borderline personality disorder: A transactional model. Development and Psychopathology, 17(4), 1007–1030. doi:10.1017/S0954579405050479.CrossRefPubMed

Furman, W., & Shomaker, L. B. (2008). Patterns of interaction in adolescent romantic relationships: Distinct features and links to other close relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 31(6), 771–788. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.10.007.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gadow, K. D., & Sprafkin, J. (1998). Adolescent symptom inventory-4 norms manual. Stony Brook, NY: Checkmate Plus.

Gadow, K. D., Sprafkin, J., Carlson, G. A., Schneider, J., Nolan, E. E., Mattison, R. E., & Rundberg-Rivera, V. (2002). A DSM-IV-referenced, adolescent self-report rating scale. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(6), 671–679. doi:10.1097/00004583-200206000-00006.CrossRefPubMed

Gnepp, J., & Hess, D. L. (1986). Children’s understanding of verbal and facial display rules. Developmental Psychology, 22, 103–108.CrossRef

Hale, W. W., Raaijmakers, Q., Muris, P., & Meeus, W. (2005). Psychometric properties of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED) in the general adolescent population. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(3), 283–290. doi:10.1097/00004583-200503000-00013.CrossRefPubMed

Hill, J., Stepp, S. D., Wan, M. W., Hope, H., Morse, J. Q., Steele, M., et al. (2011). Attachment, borderline personality, and romantic relationship dysfunction. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25(6), 789–805. doi:10.1521/pedi.2011.25.6.789.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hipwell, A. E., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Keenan, K., White, H. R., Kroneman, L., et al. (2006). Characteristics of girls with early onset disruptive and antisocial behaviour. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 12(1), 99–118. doi:10.1002/cbm.489.CrossRef

Hofmann, S. G. (2014). Interpersonal emotion regulation model of nood and anxiety disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38(5), 483–492. doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9620-1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hughes, A. E., Crowell, S. E., Uyeji, L., & Coan, J. A. (2012). A developmental neuroscience of borderline pathology: Emotion dysregulation and social baseline theory. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(1), 21–33. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9555-x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Chen, H., Kasen, S., & Brook, J. S. (2006). Parenting behaviors associated with risk for offspring personality disorder during adulthood. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(5), 579–587. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.579.CrossRefPubMed

Keenan, K., Hipwell, A., Chung, T., Stepp, S. D., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., & McTigue, K. (2010). The Pittsburgh girls study: Overview and initial findings. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 39(4), 506–521. doi:10.1080/15374416.2010.486320.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Krause, E. D., Mendelson, T., & Lynch, T. R. (2003). Childhood emotional invalidation and adult psychological distress: The mediating role of emotional inhibition. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27(2), 199–213. doi:10.10.16/16/S0145-2134(02)00536-7.CrossRefPubMed

Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.

McMakin, D. L., Burkhouse, K. L., Olino, T. M., Siegle, G. J., Dahl, R. E., & Silk, J. S. (2011). Affective functioning among early adolescents at high and low familial risk for depression and their mothers: A focus on individual and transactional processes across contexts. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(8), 1213–1225. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9540-4.CrossRefPubMed

Morey, L. C. (1991). The personality assessment inventory professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development (Oxford, England), 16(2), 361–388. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00389.x.

O’Connor, T. G., Hetherington, E. M., Reiss, D., Plomin, R., Connor, O., & O’Connor, T. G. (1995). A twin–sibling study of observed parent–adolescent interactions. Child Development, 66(3), 812–829.CrossRefPubMed

Pfohl, B., Blum, N., & Zimmerman, M. (1997). Structured interview for DSM-IV personality: SIDP-IV. Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interactions in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31(4), 437–448. doi:10.3102/10769986031004437.CrossRef

Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Raudenbush, S. W., & Xiao-Feng, L. (2001). Effects of study duration, frequency of observation, and sample size on power in studies of group differences in polynomial change. Psychological Methods, 6, 387–401. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.6.4.387.CrossRefPubMed

Sauer, S. E., & Baer, R. A. (2010). Validation of measures of biosocial precursors to borderline personality disorder: Childhood emotional vulnerability and environmental invalidation. Assessment, 17(4), 454–466. doi:10.1177/1073191110373226.CrossRefPubMed

Schuppert, H. M., Albers, C. J., Minderaa, R. B., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Nauta, M. H. (2014). Severity of borderline personality symptoms in adolescence: Relationship with maternal parenting stress, maternal psychopathology, and rearing styles. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 155–168. doi:10.1521/pedi_2104_28_155.

Scott, L. N., Stepp, S. D., Hallquist, M. N., Whalen, D. J., Wright, A. G. C., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2015). Daily shame and hostile irritability in adolescent girls with borderline personality disorder symptoms. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 6, 53–63. doi:10.1037/per000010710.1037/per00001.CrossRef

Sheeber, L., Allen, N., Davis, B., & Sorensen, E. (2000). Regulation of negative affect during mother–child problem–solving interactions: Adolescent depressive status and family processes. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28(5), 467–479. doi:10.1023/A:1005135706799.CrossRefPubMed

Shenk, C. E., & Fruzzetti, A. E. (2011). The impact of validating and invalidating responses on emotional reactivity. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30(2), 163–183. doi:10.1521/jscp.2011.30.2.163.CrossRef

Shenk, C. E., & Fruzzetti, A. E. (2014). Parental validating and invalidating responses and adolescent psychological functioning: An observational study. The Family Journal, 22(1), 43–48. doi:10.1177/1066480713490900.CrossRef

Steinberg, L., Dahl, R., Keating, D., Kupfer, D. J., Masten, A. S., & Pine, D. S. (2006). The study of developmental psychopathology in adolescence: Integrating affective neuroscience with the study of context. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol 2: Developmental neuroscience (2nd ed., pp. 710–741). Hoboken: Wiley.

Stepp, S. D., Whalen, D. J., Pilkonis, P. A., Hipwell, A. E., & Levine, M. D. (2012). Children of mothers with borderline personality disorder: Identifying parenting behaviors as potential targets for intervention. Personality Disorders, 3(1), 76–91. doi:10.1037/a0023081.CrossRefPubMed

Stepp, S. D., Whalen, D. J., Scott, L. N., Zalewski, M., Loeber, R., & Hipwell, A. E. (2014). Reciprocal effects of parenting and borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescent girls. Development and Psychopathology, 26(2), 1–18. doi:10.1017/S0954579413001041.CrossRef

Trull, T. J. (1995). Borderline personality disorder features in nonclinical young adults: 1. Identification and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7(1), 33–41. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.1.33.CrossRef

Van Asselt, A. D. I., Dirksen, C. D., Arntz, A., & Severens, J. L. (2007). The cost of borderline personality disorder: Societal cost of illness in BPD-patients. European Psychiatry, 22, 354–361.CrossRefPubMed

Whalen, D. J., Scott, L. N., Jakubowski, K. P., McMakin, D. L., Hipwell, A. E., Silk, J. S., & Stepp, S. D. (2014). Affective behavior during mother–daughter conflict and borderline personality disorder severity across adolescence. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5(1), 88–96. doi:10.1037/per0000059.CrossRef

Wright, A. C. G., Zalewski, M., Hallquist, M. N., Hipwell, A. E., & Stepp, S. D. (2015). Developmental trajectories of borderline personality disorder symptoms and psychosocial functioning in adolescence. Journal of Personality Disorders. doi:10.1521/pedi_2015_29_200.

Zaki, J., & Williams, W. C. (2013). Interpersonal emotion regulation. Emotion, 13(5), 803–810. doi:10.1037/a0033839.CrossRefPubMed

Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Dubo, E. D., Sickel, A. E., Trikha, A., Levin, A., & Reynolds, V. (1998). Axis I comorbidity of borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 1733–1739. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.11.009.CrossRefPubMed

Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Hennen, J., & Silk, K. R. (2003). The longitudinal course of borderline psychopathology: 6-year prospective follow-up of the phenomenology of borderline personality disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 274–283. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.2.274.CrossRefPubMed

Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Vujanovic, A. A., Hennen, J., Reich, D. B., & Silk, K. R. (2004). Axis II comorbidity of borderline personality disorder: Description of 6-year course and prediction to time-to-remission. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110(6), 416–420. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00362.x.CrossRefPubMed

Zanarini, M. C., Horwood, J., Wolke, D., Waylen, A., Fitzmaurice, G., & Grant, B. F. (2011). Prevalence of DSM-IV borderline personality disorder in two community samples: 6330 English 11-year-olds and 34,653 American adults. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25(5), 607–619. doi:10.1521/pedi.2011.25.5.607.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: The Main and Interactive Effects of Maternal Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Negative Affect on Adolescent Girls’ Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms
Auteurs: Katherine L. Dixon-Gordon
Diana J. Whalen
Lori N. Scott
Nicole D. Cummins
Stephanie D. Stepp
Publicatiedatum: 07-07-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 3/2016
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-015-9706-4

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2016

Emotional Reactivity to Personally-Relevant and Standardized Sounds in Borderline Personality Disorder

Original Article

Diagnostic and Symptom-Based Predictors of Emotional Processing in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: An Event-Related Potential Study

Original Article

Trait and Daily Emotion Regulation in Social Anxiety Disorder

Original Article

Emotional Reactivity and Internalizing Symptoms: Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation

Original Article

Childhood Maltreatment Exposure and Disruptions in Emotion Regulation: A Transdiagnostic Pathway to Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology

Original Article

Distinct Roles of Emotion Reactivity and Regulation in Depressive and Manic Symptoms Among Euthymic Patients

Original Article

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

The Main and Interactive Effects of Maternal Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Negative Affect on Adolescent Girls’ Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2016

Emotional Reactivity to Personally-Relevant and Standardized Sounds in Borderline Personality Disorder

Diagnostic and Symptom-Based Predictors of Emotional Processing in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: An Event-Related Potential Study

Trait and Daily Emotion Regulation in Social Anxiety Disorder

Emotional Reactivity and Internalizing Symptoms: Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation

Childhood Maltreatment Exposure and Disruptions in Emotion Regulation: A Transdiagnostic Pathway to Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology

Distinct Roles of Emotion Reactivity and Regulation in Depressive and Manic Symptoms Among Euthymic Patients

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Emotional Reactivity to Personally-Relevant and Standardized Sounds in Borderline Personality Disorder

Diagnostic and Symptom-Based Predictors of Emotional Processing in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: An Event-Related Potential Study

Trait and Daily Emotion Regulation in Social Anxiety Disorder

Emotional Reactivity and Internalizing Symptoms: Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation

Childhood Maltreatment Exposure and Disruptions in Emotion Regulation: A Transdiagnostic Pathway to Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology

Distinct Roles of Emotion Reactivity and Regulation in Depressive and Manic Symptoms Among Euthymic Patients