Top

Gepubliceerd in:

07-01-2023 | Original Paper

The Protective Effects of Developmental Assets on Internalizing Symptoms among Youth Impacted by Parental Incarceration

Auteurs: Lydia R. Pfluger, Michael J. Parks, Rebecca J. Shlafer

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 5/2023

Abstract

Parental incarceration is a risk factor for a variety of adverse health and social outcomes among youth, including an increased risk of mental health problems. Yet, little information exists on what protects youth who have been impacted by parental incarceration from experiencing negative outcomes. Developmental assets, including empowerment, positive identity, and social competency, are constructs that have been shown to support positive youth development and protect youth from experiencing adverse outcomes in the presence of risks. However, there is a dearth of research on developmental assets and their protective potential among this specific population. Self-reported developmental assets were compared among youth who reported having a parent currently or formerly incarcerated, or no history of parental incarceration using a statewide cross-sectional survey of adolescents (N = 113,281). A series of logistic regressions were then performed including interaction terms, which assessed whether developmental assets served as protective factors for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Developmental asset scores and internalizing symptoms varied significantly by youths’ parental incarceration status and higher levels of developmental assets moderated the associations between parental incarceration and internalizing symptoms. Development assets were protective for all youth in this study, but the effect size was not as strong for youth with currently incarcerated parents. Promoting the developmental assets of youth affected by parental incarceration may reduce the potential for adverse mental health outcomes among this population.

vorige artikel Resilience and Well-Being of Korean Unwed Mothers: A Moderated Mediation Model

volgende artikel Mother’s Parental Psychological Flexibility and Children’s Self-reliance Behaviors in Chinese Primary School: The Mediating Role of Resilience

Andersen, L. H. (2016). How children’s educational outcomes and criminality vary by duration and frequency of paternal incarceration. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 665(1), 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716216632782.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Arditti, J. A. (2012). Child trauma within the context of parental incarceration: A family process perspective. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 4, 181–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2589.2012.00128.x.CrossRef

Arditti, J. A., & Johnson, E. I. (2022). A family resilience agenda for understanding and responding to parental incarceration. American Psychologist, 77, 56–70. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000687.CrossRefPubMed

Arditti, J. A., & McGregor, C. M. (2019). A family perspective: Caregiving and family contexts of children with an incarcerated parent. In J. M. Eddy, & J. Poehlmann-Tynan (Eds.), Handbook on children with incarcerated parents: Research, policy, and practice (pp. 117–130). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16707-3.

Bailey, Z. D., Krieger, N., Agénor, M., Graves, J., Linos, N., & Bassett, M. T. (2017). Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: Evidence and interventions. The Lancet, 389(10077), 1453–1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X.CrossRef

Barnes, A. J., Gilbertson, J., & Chatterjee, D. (2018). Emotional health among youth experiencing family homelessness. Pediatrics. 141 (4). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1767.

Benson, P., Scales, P., & Syvertsen, A. (2011). The contribution of the developmental assets framework to positive youth development theory and practice. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 41, 197–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386492-5.00008-7.CrossRefPubMed

Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Leffert, N., & Roehlkepartain, E. C. (1999). A fragile foundation: The state of developmental assets among American youth. Search Institute.

Bernat, D. H., & Resnick, M. D. (2006). Healthy youth development: Science and strategies. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 12, S10–S16. https://doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200611001-00004.CrossRef

Bethell, C., Jones, J., Gombojav, N., Linkenbach, J., & Sege, R. (2019). Positive childhood experiences and adult mental and relational health in a statewide sample: Associations across adverse childhood experiences levels. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(11), e193007. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3007.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Boch, S. J., & Ford, J. L. (2018). Health outcomes of youth in the United States exposed to parental incarceration: An integrative review. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 14(2), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0000000000000201.CrossRefPubMed

Boch, S. J., Warren, B. J., & Ford, J. L. (2019). Attention, externalizing, and internalizing problems of youth exposed to parental incarceration. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 40(6), 466–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2019.1565872.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bomysoad, R. N., & Francis, L. A. (2021). Associations between parental incarceration and youth mental health conditions: The mitigating effects of adolescent resilience and positive coping strategies. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01351-0.

Burnson, C., & Weymouth, L. (2019). Infants and young children with incarcerated parents. In J. M. Eddy, & J. Poehlmann-Tynan (Eds.), Handbook on children with incarcerated parents: Research, policy, and practice (pp. 85–99). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16707-3_7.

Clayborne, Z. M., Varin, M., & Colman, I. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis: Adolescent depression and long-term psychosocial outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(1), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.896.CrossRef

Dallaire, D. H., & Zeman, J. L. (2013). Empathy as a protective factor for children with incarcerated parents. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(3), 7–25.CrossRef

Dallaire, D. H., Zeman, J. L., & Thrash, T. M. (2015). Children’s experiences of maternal incarceration-specific risks: Predictions to psychological maladaptation. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44(1), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.913248.CrossRef

Damon, W., & Lerner, R. M. (Eds.) (2008). Child and adolescent development: An advanced course. Wiley.

Davis, L., & Shlafer, R. J. (2017). Mental health of adolescents with currently and formerly incarcerated parents. Journal of Adolescence, 54, 120–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.10.006.CrossRefPubMed

Eddy, J. M., & Poehlmann, J. (Eds.) (2019). Handbook on children with incarcerated parents: Research, policy, and practice (2nd ed.). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16707-3.

Fergus, S., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26(1), 399–419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357.CrossRefPubMed

Geller, A., Garfinkel, I., Cooper, C. E., & Mincy, R. B. (2009). Parental incarceration and child well-being: Implications for urban families. Social Science Quarterly, 90(5), 1186–1202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00653.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ginwright, S., & Cammarota, J. (2002). New terrain in youth development: The promise of a social justice approach. Social Justice, 29(4), 82–95.

Glaze, L., & Maruschak, L. (2010). Parents in prison and their minor children (NCJ 222984). Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice. https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/pptmc.pdf.

Glied, S., & Pine, D. S. (2002). Consequences and correlates of adolescent depression. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 156(10), 1009–1014. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.156.10.1009.CrossRef

Goldman, A. W., Andersen, L. H., Andersen, S. H., & Wildeman, C. (2019). Can alternatives to incarceration enhance child well-being? In J. M. Eddy, & J. Poehlmann-Tynan (Eds.), Handbook on children with incarcerated parents: Research, policy, and practice (pp. 237–248). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16707-3_16.

Hagen, K. A., Myers, B. J., & Mackintosh, V. H. (2005). Hope, social support, and behavioral problems in at-risk children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75(2), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.75.2.211.CrossRefPubMed

Haskins, A. R., Amorim, M., & Mingo, M. (2018). Parental incarceration and child outcomes: Those at risk, evidence of impacts, methodological insights, and areas of future work. Sociology Compass, 12(3), e12562. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12562.CrossRef

Hays-Grudo, J., Morris, A. S., Beasley, L., Ciciolla, L., Shreffler, K., & Croff, J. (2021). Integrating and synthesizing adversity and resilience knowledge and action: The ICARE model. American Psychologist, 76(2), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000766.CrossRefPubMed

Johnson, E. I., Arditti, J. A., & McGregor, C. M. (2018). Risk, protection, and adjustment among youth with incarcerated and non-resident parents: A mixed-methods study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(6), 1914–1928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1045-0.CrossRef

Johnson, E. I., Kilpatrick, T., Bolland, A., & Bolland, J. (2020). Positive youth development in the context of household member contact with the criminal justice system. Children and Youth Services Review, 114, 105033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105033.CrossRef

Johnson, R. (2009). Ever-increasing levels of parental incarceration and the consequences for children. In S. Raphael, & M. Stoll (Eds.), Do prisons make us safer? The benefits and costs of the prison boom (pp. 177–206). Russell Sage Foundation.

Kjellstrand, J., Yu, G., Eddy, J., & Clark, M. (2019). Children with incarcerated parents and developmental trajectories of internalizing problems across adolescence. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-019-09494-4.

Kjellstrand, J., Yu, G., Eddy, J. M., Clark, M., & Jackson, A. (2020). The role of parental incarceration in predicting trajectories of child internalizing problems. Children and Youth Services Review, 115, 105055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105055.CrossRef

Konopka, G. (1973). Requirements for healthy development of adolescent youth. Adolescence, 8(31), 291–316.

Kremer, K. P., Poon, C. Y. S., Jones, C. L., Hagler, M. A., Kupersmidt, J. B., Stelter, R. L., Stump, K. N., & Rhodes, J. E. (2020). Risk and resilience among children with incarcerated parents: Examining heterogeneity in delinquency and school outcomes. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(11), 3239–3252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01822-1.CrossRef

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2003). The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: Validity of a two-item depression screener. Medical Care, 41(11), 1284–1292. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C.CrossRefPubMed

Laakso, J., & Nygaard, J. (2012). Children of incarcerated parents: How a mentoring program can make a difference. Social Work in Public Health, 27(1/2), 12–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2012.629892.CrossRefPubMed

Leffert, N., Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Sharma, A. R., Drake, D. R., & Blyth, D. A. (1998). Developmental assets: Measurement and prediction of risk behaviors among adolescents. Applied Developmental Science, 2(4), 209–230. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532480xads0204_4.CrossRef

Luther, K. (2016). Stigma management among children of incarcerated parents. Deviant Behavior, 37(11), 1264–1275. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2016.1170551.CrossRef

Maruschak, L. M., Bronson, J., & Alper, M. (2021). Parents in prison and their minor children: Survey of prison inmates, 2016 (NCJ 252645). Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/pptmcspi16st.pdf.

Min, M. O., Yoon, D., Minnes, S., Ridenour, T., & Singer, L. T. (2019). Profiles of individual assets and mental health symptoms in at-risk early adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 75, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.012.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Minnesota Department of Education. (2016). 2016 Minnesota Student Survey Statewide Tables.

Minton, T., Beatty, L. G., & Zeng, Z. (2021). Correctional populations in the United States, 2019—statistical tables (NCJ 300655). Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice. https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/correctional-populations-united-states-2019-statistical-tables.

Morris, A. S., Hays-Grudo, J., Zapata, M. I., Treat, A., & Kerr, K. L. (2021). Adverse and protective childhood experiences and parenting attitudes: The role of cumulative protection in understanding resilience. Adversity and Resilience Science, 2(3), 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42844-021-00036-8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Muentner, L., Heard-Garris, N., & Shlafer, R. (2022). Parental incarceration among youth. Pediatrics, 150(6), e2022056703. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-056703.CrossRefPubMed

Murphey, D., & Cooper, M. (2015). Parents behind bars: What happens to their children?. Child Trends. https://www.childtrends.org/publications/parents-behind-bars-what-happens-to-their-children.

Murray, J., Farrington, D. P., & Sekol, I. (2012). Children’s antisocial behavior, mental health, drug use, and educational performance after parental incarceration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 175–210. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026407.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Nesmith, A., & Ruhland, E. (2008). Children of incarcerated parents: Challenges and resiliency, in their own words. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(10), 1119–1130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.02.006.CrossRef

Nichols, E. B., Loper, A. B., & Meyer, J. P. (2016). Promoting educational resiliency in youth with incarcerated parents: The impact of parental incarceration, school characteristics, and connectedness on school outcomes. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(6), 1090–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0337-6.CrossRefPubMed

Peterson, B., Cramer, L., & Fontaine, J. (2019). Policies and practices for children of incarcerated parents: Summarizing what we know and do not know. In J. M. Eddy, & J. Poehlmann-Tynan (Eds.), Handbook on children with incarcerated parents: Research, policy, and practice (pp. 331–343). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16707-3_22.

Phillips, S. D., & Gates, T. (2011). A conceptual framework for understanding the stigmatization of children of incarcerated parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20(3), 286–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-010-9391-6.CrossRef

Poehlmann, J., Dallaire, D., Loper, A. B., & Shear, L. D. (2010). Children’s contact with their incarcerated parents: Research findings and recommendations. The American Psychologist, 65(6), 575–598. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020279.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Project WHAT! (2016). We’re here and talking: Project WHAT!’s research findings and policy recommendations concerning children of incarcerated parents in San Francisco. http://communityworkswest.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Project-WHAT-Policy-Report-Final.pdf.

Richardson, L. P., Rockhill, C., Russo, J. E., Grossman, D. C., Richards, J., McCarty, C., McCauley, E., & Katon, W. (2010). Evaluation of the PHQ-2 as a brief screen for detecting major depression among adolescents. Pediatrics, 125(5), e1097–e1103. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2712.CrossRefPubMed

Scales, P. C., & Leffert, N. (2004). Developmental assets: A synthesis of the scientific research on adolescent development. Search Institute.

Shlafer, R. J., Davis, L., & Dallaire, D. H. (2019a). Parental incarceration during middle childhood and adolescence. In J. M. Eddy & J. Poehlmann-Tynan (Eds.), Handbook on children with incarcerated parents: Research, policy, and practice (pp. 101–116). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16707-3_8.

Shlafer, R. J., Duwe, G., & Hindt, L. (2019b). Parents in prison and their minor children: Comparisons between state and national estimates. The Prison Journal, 99(3), 310–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885519836996.CrossRef

Shlafer, R. J., Poehlmann, J., Coffino, B., & Hanneman, A. (2009). Mentoring children with incarcerated parents: Implications for research, practice, and policy. Family Relations, 58(5), 507–519. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2009.00571.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Smokowski, P. R., Guo, S., Rose, R., Evans, C. B. R., Cotter, K. L., & Bacallao, M. (2014). Multilevel risk factors and developmental assets for internalizing symptoms and self-esteem in disadvantaged adolescents: Modeling longitudinal trajectories from the Rural Adaptation Project. Development and Psychopathology, 26, 1495–1513. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414001163.CrossRefPubMed

Soltes, F. (2012). Girl Scouts Beyond Bars: Providing a better path. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/249001.pdf.

Turanovic, J. J., Rodriquez, N., & Pratt, T. C. (2012). The collateral consequences of incarceration revisited: A qualitative analysis of the effects on caregivers of children of incarcerated parents. Criminology, 4, 913–960.CrossRef

Turney, K. (2014). Stress proliferation across generations? Examining the relationship between parental incarceration and childhood health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 55(3), 302–319. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146514544173.CrossRefPubMed

Turney, K. (2018). Adverse childhood experiences among children of incarcerated parents. Children and Youth Services Review, 89, 218–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.04.033.CrossRef

Viner, R. M., Ozer, E. M., Denny, S., Marmot, M., Resnick, M., Fatusi, A., & Currie, C. (2012). Adolescence and the social determinants of health. The Lancet, 379(9826), 1641–1652. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60149-4.CrossRef

Zeng, Z., & Minton, T. (2021). Jail inmates in 2019 (NCJ 255608). Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice. https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/jail-inmates-2019.

Titel: The Protective Effects of Developmental Assets on Internalizing Symptoms among Youth Impacted by Parental Incarceration
Auteurs: Lydia R. Pfluger
Michael J. Parks
Rebecca J. Shlafer
Publicatiedatum: 07-01-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 5/2023
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02518-4

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2023

Publisher Correction: Character Strengths and Social Support as Protective Factors between Grandparents’ Caregiving and Health-Related Quality of Life

Open Access
Publisher Correction

Gender Stratification and Parental Stimulation of Children: Exploring Differences in Maternal and Paternal Practices

Original Paper

A Meta-Analysis of Factors Predicting Parental Mediation of Children’s Media Use Based on Studies Published Between 1992–2019

Original Paper

Mindfulness and Imagery Enhanced Behavioral Parenting: Effectiveness Pilot of the Confident Carers Cooperative Kids Program

Original Paper

Mother’s Parental Psychological Flexibility and Children’s Self-reliance Behaviors in Chinese Primary School: The Mediating Role of Resilience

Original Paper

Can We Talk?: An Exploratory Examination of Communication Patterns Between Emerging Adults and their Parents

Original Paper

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

The Protective Effects of Developmental Assets on Internalizing Symptoms among Youth Impacted by Parental Incarceration

Abstract

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2023

Publisher Correction: Character Strengths and Social Support as Protective Factors between Grandparents’ Caregiving and Health-Related Quality of Life

Gender Stratification and Parental Stimulation of Children: Exploring Differences in Maternal and Paternal Practices

A Meta-Analysis of Factors Predicting Parental Mediation of Children’s Media Use Based on Studies Published Between 1992–2019

Mindfulness and Imagery Enhanced Behavioral Parenting: Effectiveness Pilot of the Confident Carers Cooperative Kids Program

Mother’s Parental Psychological Flexibility and Children’s Self-reliance Behaviors in Chinese Primary School: The Mediating Role of Resilience

Can We Talk?: An Exploratory Examination of Communication Patterns Between Emerging Adults and their Parents

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Publisher Correction: Character Strengths and Social Support as Protective Factors between Grandparents’ Caregiving and Health-Related Quality of Life

Gender Stratification and Parental Stimulation of Children: Exploring Differences in Maternal and Paternal Practices

A Meta-Analysis of Factors Predicting Parental Mediation of Children’s Media Use Based on Studies Published Between 1992–2019

Mindfulness and Imagery Enhanced Behavioral Parenting: Effectiveness Pilot of the Confident Carers Cooperative Kids Program

Mother’s Parental Psychological Flexibility and Children’s Self-reliance Behaviors in Chinese Primary School: The Mediating Role of Resilience

Can We Talk?: An Exploratory Examination of Communication Patterns Between Emerging Adults and their Parents