Top

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Gepubliceerd in:

01-03-2011

The Roles of Cognitive Flexibility and Experiential Avoidance in Explaining Psychological Distress in Survivors of Interpersonal Victimization

Auteurs: Kathleen M. Palm, Victoria M. Follette

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 1/2011

Abstract

The long-term negative psychological consequences associated with interpersonal victimization are significant; however a history of interpersonal victimization alone does not necessarily lead to greater long-term psychological distress. The current study examined the relationship between cognitive flexibility, experiential avoidance, and psychological distress among 92 women who reported a history of interpersonal victimization. The findings indicate that both cognitive flexibility and experiential avoidance are significantly related to posttraumatic stress symptomology and depression in this sample. Preliminary evidence is also presented suggesting experiential avoidance maybe a potential mediator between cognitive flexibility and psychological distress in this sample. The current findings suggest that treatments targeting greater emotional acceptance and mindfulness might be useful approaches in working with survivors of interpersonal victimization.

vorige artikel Emotional Intelligence in Social Phobia and Other Anxiety Disorders

volgende artikel An Examination of the Factor, Convergent, and Discriminant Validity of the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System Scales

Hayes et al. (2006) discuss this as “psychological flexibility.” For the sake of consistency in the current paper, we refer to this concept as “cognitive flexibility.” However, it should be noted that the term “psychological flexibility” has been described more broadly, including cognitive flexibility and behavioral flexibility. The reader is referred to Hayes et al. (2006) for a more detailed description of psychological flexibility.

Alexander, C. N., Langer, E. J., Newman, R. I., Chandler, H. M., & Davies, J. L. (1989). Transcendental meditation, mindfulness, and longevity: an experimental study with the elderly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 950–964.PubMedCrossRef

American Psychological Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington: American Psychiatric Association.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.PubMedCrossRef

Batten, S. V., & Hayes, S. C. (2005). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of comorbid substance abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder: a case study. Clinical Case Studies, 4, 246–262.CrossRef

Batten, S. V., Follette, V. M., & Aban, I. B. (2001). Experimental avoidance and high-risk sexual behavior in survivors of child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 10(2), 101–120.PubMedCrossRef

Baumeister, H., & Harter, M. (2007). Prevalence of mental disorders based on general population surveys. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(7), 537–546.PubMedCrossRef

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the beck depression inventory — II. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.

Becker, C. B., & Zayfert, C. (2001). Integrating DBT-Based techniques and concepts to facilitate exposure treatment of PTSD. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 8, 107–122.CrossRef

Benson, B. J., Gohm, C. L., & Gross, A. M. (2007). College women and sexual assault: the role of sex-related alcohol expectancies. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 341–351.CrossRef

Blanchard, E. B., Jones-Alexander, J., Buckley, T. C., & Forneris, C. A. (1996). Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34(8), 669–673.PubMedCrossRef

Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2003). The role of acceptance and job control in mental health, job satisfaction, and work performance. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(6), 1057–1067.PubMedCrossRef

Breslau, N. (2009). The epidemiology of trauma, PTSD, and other posttrauma disorders. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 10(3), 198–210.CrossRef

Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Andreski, P., & Peterson, E. (1991). Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48(3), 216–222.PubMed

Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: the 1996 detroit area survey of trauma. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(7), 626–632.PubMedCrossRef

Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., & Schultz, L. R. (2003). Posttraumatic stress disorder and the incidence of nicotine, alcohol, and other drug disorders in persons who have experienced trauma. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(3), 289–294.PubMedCrossRef

Briere, J., & Runtz, M. (1993). Child sexual abuse: long-term sequelae and implications for psychological assessment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8, 312–330.CrossRef

Chawla, N., & Ostafin, B. (2007). Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: an empirical review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(9), 871–890.PubMedCrossRef

Elliott, D. M., Mok, D. S., & Briere, J. (2004). Adult sexual assault: prevalence, symptomatology, and sex differences in the general population. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(3), 203–211.PubMedCrossRef

Fresco, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Abramowitz, A., & Bertram, T. L. (2006a). The effect of a negative mood priming challenge on dysfunctional attitudes, explanatory style, and explanatory flexibility. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45(Pt 2), 167–183.PubMedCrossRef

Fresco, D. M., Williams, N. L., & Nugent, N. R. (2006b). Association of explanatory flexibility and coping flexibility to each other and to depression and anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 201–210.CrossRef

Gratz, K. L., Bornovalova, M. A., Delany-Brumsey, A., Nick, B., & Lejuez, C. W. (2007). A laboratory-based study of the relationship between childhood abuse and experiential avoidance among inner-city substance users: the role of emotional nonacceptance. Behavior Therapy, 38(3), 256–268.PubMedCrossRef

Green, B. L., Goodman, L. A., Krupnick, J. L., Corcoran, C. B., Petty, R. M., Stockton, P., et al. (2000). Outcomes of single versus multiple trauma exposure in a screening sample. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13(2), 271–286.PubMedCrossRef

Hayes, S.C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy and the new behavior therapies: Mindfulness, acceptance, and relationship. In S.C. Hayes, V.M. Follette, and M.M. Linehan (eds.) (pp.1-29). Mindfulness and Acceptance: Expanding the Cognitive-Behavioral Tradition. New York: Guilford.

Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experimental avoidance and behavioral disorders: a functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152–1168.PubMedCrossRef

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: The Guilford Press.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, S., et al. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: a preliminary test of a working model. Psychological Record, 54(4), 553–578.

Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1–25.PubMedCrossRef

Helzer, J. E., Robins, L. N., & McEvoy, L. (1987). Post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population. Findings of the epidemiologic catchment area survey. New England Journal of Medicine, 317(26), 1630–1634.PubMedCrossRef

Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(4), 599–610.PubMedCrossRef

Howard, L. M., Trevillion, K., Khalifeh, H., Woodall, A., Agnew-Davies, R., & Feder, G. (2010). Domestic violence and severe psychiatric disorders: prevalence and interventions. Psychological Medicine, 40(6), 881–893.PubMedCrossRef

Jaycox, L. H., Ebener, P., Damesek, L., & Becker, K. (2004). Trauma exposure and retention in adolescent substance abuse treatment. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(2), 113–121.PubMedCrossRef

Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52(12), 1048–1060.PubMed

Kilpatrick, D. G., Ruggiero, K. J., Acierno, R., Saunders, B. E., Resnick, H. S., & Best, C. L. (2003). Violence and risk of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse/dependence, and comorbidity: results from the National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(4), 692–700.PubMedCrossRef

Kingston, J., Clarke, S., & Remington, B. (2010). Experiential avoidance and problem behavior: a mediational analysis. Behavior Modification, 34(2), 145–163.PubMedCrossRef

Lang, A. J., Laffaye, C., Satz, L. E., Dresselhaus, T. R., & Stein, M. B. (2003). Sensitivity and specificity of the PTSD checklist in detecting PTSD in female veterans in primary care. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(3), 257–264.PubMedCrossRef

Langer, E. J. (1989). Mindfulness. Reading: Addison Wesley.

Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.

MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104.PubMedCrossRef

Martin, M. M., & Anderson, C. M. (1998). The cognitive flexibility scale: three validty studies. Communication Reports, 11, 1–9.

Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76, 623–626.

Marx, B. P., & Sloan, D. M. (2005). Peritraumatic dissociation and experiential avoidance as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(5), 569–583.PubMedCrossRef

Merwin, R. W., Rosenthal, M. Z., & Coffey, K. A. (2009). Experiential avoidance mediates the relationship between sexual victimization and psychological symptoms: replicating findings with an ethnically diverse sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33, 537–542.CrossRef

Morina, N. (2007). The role of experiential avoidance in psychological functioning after war-related stress in Kosovar civilians. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195(8), 697–700.PubMedCrossRef

Orcutt, H. K., Pickett, S. M., & Pope, E. B. (2005). Experiential avoidance and forgiveness as mediators in the relation between traumatic interpersonal events and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 1003–1029.CrossRef

Orsillo, S. M., & Batten, S. V. (2005). Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior Modification, 29(1), 95–129.PubMedCrossRef

Palm, K. M., & Follette, V. M. (2008). Sexual victimization and physical health: an examination of explanatory mechanisms. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 17(2), 117–132.PubMedCrossRef

Peterson, C., Bishop, M. P., Fletcher, C. W., Kaplan, M. R., Yesko, E. S., Moon, C. H., et al. (2001). Explanatory style as a risk factor for traumatic mishaps. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 633–649.CrossRef

Plumb, J. C., Orsillo, S. M., & Luterek, J. A. (2004). A preliminary test of the role of experiential avoidance in post-event functioning. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35(3), 245–257.PubMedCrossRef

Polusny, M. A., & Follette, V. (1995). Long-term correlates of child sexual abuse: theory and review of the empirical literature. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4, 143–166.CrossRef

Polusny, M. A., Rosenthal, M. Z., Aban, I., & Follette, V. M. (2004). Experimental avoidance as a mediator of the effects of adolescent sexual victimization on negative adult outcomes. Violence and Victims, 19(1), 109–120.PubMedCrossRef

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717–731.CrossRef

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891.PubMedCrossRef

Rosenthal, M. Z., Rasmussen Hall, M. L., Palm, K. M., Batten, S. V., & Follette, V. (2005). Chronic avoidance helps explain the relationship between severity of childhood sexual abuse and psychological distress in adulthood. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 14(4), 25–41.PubMedCrossRef

Roy-Byrne, P. P., Russo, J., Michelson, E., Zatzick, D., Pitman, R. K., & Berliner, L. (2004). Risk factors and outcome in ambulatory assault victims presenting to the acute emergency department setting: implications for secondary prevention studies in PTSD. Depression and Anxiety, 19(2), 77–84.PubMedCrossRef

Ruggiero, K. J., Del Ben, K., Scotti, J. R., & Rabalais, A. E. (2003). Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(5), 495–502.PubMedCrossRef

Silverman, R. J., & Peterson, C. (1993). Explanatory style of schizophrenic and depressed outpatients. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17, 457–470.CrossRef

Smith, P. H., Thornton, G. E., DeVellis, R., Earp, J. A. L., & Coker, A. L. (2002). A population-based study of the prevalence and distinctiveness of battering, physical assault, and sexual assault in intimate relationships. Violence Against Women, 8, 1208–1232.CrossRef

Sobel, M. E. (1982). Aysymptomatic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological Methodology 1982 (pp. 290–312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Sorenson, S. B., Stein, J. A., Siegel, J. M., Golding, J. M., & Burnam, M. A. (1987). The prevalence of adult sexual assault. The Los Angeles epidemiologic catchment area project. American Journal of Epidemiology, 126(6), 1154–1164.PubMed

Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2000). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Thompson, B. L., & Waltz, J. (2010). Mindfulness and experiential avoidance as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder avoidance symptom severity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(4), 409–415.PubMedCrossRef

Ullman, S. E., & Siegel, J. M. (1994). Predictors of exposure to traumatic events and posttraumatic stress sequelae. Journal of Community Psychology, 22, 328–338.CrossRef

Ullman, S. E., Karabatsos, G., & Koss, M. P. (1999). Alcohol and sexual assault in a national sample of college women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, 603–625.CrossRef

Walser, R. D., & Westrup, D. (2007). Acceptance & commitment therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: A practitioner’s guide to using mindfulness & acceptance strategies. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications, Inc.

Weathers, F. W., Litz, B., Huska, J., & Keane, T. M. (1994). PTSD Checklist (PCL). Boston: National Center for PTSD — Behavioral Science Division.

Titel: The Roles of Cognitive Flexibility and Experiential Avoidance in Explaining Psychological Distress in Survivors of Interpersonal Victimization
Auteurs: Kathleen M. Palm
Victoria M. Follette
Publicatiedatum: 01-03-2011
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 1/2011
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-010-9201-x

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2011

Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Family Accommodation Scale-Parent-Report (FAS-PR)

Child Behavior Checklist Scores for School-Aged Children with Autism: Preliminary Evidence of Patterns Suggesting the Need for Referral

Screening for Eating Disorders in Undergraduate Women: Norms and Validity of the Spanish Version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

The Roles of Cognitive Flexibility and Experiential Avoidance in Explaining Psychological Distress in Survivors of Interpersonal Victimization

Abstract

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2011

Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Family Accommodation Scale-Parent-Report (FAS-PR)

Child Behavior Checklist Scores for School-Aged Children with Autism: Preliminary Evidence of Patterns Suggesting the Need for Referral

Screening for Eating Disorders in Undergraduate Women: Norms and Validity of the Spanish Version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)

An Examination of the Factor, Convergent, and Discriminant Validity of the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System Scales

Measuring Context-Specific and Cross-Contextual Components of Hierarchical Constructs

Distress Tolerance Scale: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Among Daily Cigarette Smokers

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Family Accommodation Scale-Parent-Report (FAS-PR)

Child Behavior Checklist Scores for School-Aged Children with Autism: Preliminary Evidence of Patterns Suggesting the Need for Referral

Screening for Eating Disorders in Undergraduate Women: Norms and Validity of the Spanish Version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)

An Examination of the Factor, Convergent, and Discriminant Validity of the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System Scales

Measuring Context-Specific and Cross-Contextual Components of Hierarchical Constructs

Distress Tolerance Scale: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Among Daily Cigarette Smokers