Top

Gepubliceerd in:

23-08-2024 | Original Article

Examining Cross-Cultural Invariance of Common Mental Disorder Symptom Measures in the United States and Singapore

Auteurs: Natalia Van Doren, Nur Hani Zainal, Ryan Y. Hong, Michelle G. Newman

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 2/2025

Abstract

Background

Constructs of common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms, including anxiety, depression, obsessions, compulsions, and worry, are observed in a wide range of psychiatric conditions. Reliable and valid measurements of these CMD symptoms are essential for building a generalizable science of psychopathology and ensuring valid comparisons of scores across distinct groups. Accordingly, the current study determined the psychometric properties of four widely used CMD symptom measures in the United States (U.S.) and Singapore.

Method

Participants comprised college students (U.S.: n = 292; SG: n = 144) who completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), and Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Abbreviated (PSWQ-A).

Results

Strict measurement invariance (equal factor loadings, item thresholds, residual variances) was observed for all measures across cultures. Singapore had higher latent mean scores of worry than the U.S. sample.

Conclusions

Overall, findings suggest a strong degree of cross-cultural construct compatibility. Given this finding, higher latent factor means for worry, perfectionism, and uncertainty scores likely reflect true group differences, suggesting that these symptom measures can be used to aid further study and assessment of cross-cultural differences in symptom prevalence and presentation in CMDs.

vorige artikel Validation of a Trauma Film: Emotional Responses, Intrusive Memories and Concept Activations

volgende artikel Evaluating the Reliability of the Word-Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP) as an Interpretation bias Assessment across Ethnoracial Groups

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

We used Macdonald’s ω, instead of Cronbach’s α when computing internal consistency as it produces unbiased estimates by relying on the latent factor structures derived from the CFA(s).

Despite concerns about using change indices with WLSMV estimation in earlier studies (Sass & Schmitt, 2013), more in-depth simulation studies indicated that changes in the CFI, RMSEA, and SRMR fit indices can be assessed with WLSMV estimation (Koziol & Bovaird, 2018). Our pattern of findings also remained similar when changes in approximate fit indices were used with maximum likelihood (ML) and robust ML (MLR) estimation. In addition, a simulation study (Koziol & Bovaird, 2018) indicated that WLSMV demonstrated superior performance in assessing the fit of our global measurement invariance models using the CFI, RMSEA, and SRMR. Therefore, we chose to employ WLSMV estimation. Also, a subsampling method proposed to adjust for biases arising from unequal sample sizes (144 SG and 292 U.S. participants; Yoon & Lai, 2017) led to the same pattern of findings. Further, the imbalance in our sample size ratio was not severe enough to affect Type I error rate or power to detect any true non-invariance findings at the configural, metric, and scalar measurement invariance levels (Rusticus & Lovato, 2014; Yoon & Lai, 2017).

To be comprehensive, we conducted exploratory gender invariance analyses and reported these results in Appendices 1 and 2 as those supplementary analyses were not the primary focus of the present study.

Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988a). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988b). Psychometric properties of the Beck depression inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8(1), 77–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5CrossRef

Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238CrossRefPubMed

Boswell, J. F., Hepner, K. A., Lysell, K., Rothrock, N. E., Bott, N., Childs, A. W., … & Bobbitt, B. L. (2023). The need for a measurement-based care professional practice guideline. Psychotherapy, 60(1), 1.

Bozzini, A. B., Malzyner, G., Maximino, P., Machado, R. H. V., Ramos, C. C., Ribeiro, L., & Fisberg, M. (2019). Should pediatricians investigate the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children with feeding difficulties? Revista Paulista De Pediatria, 37(1), 104–109. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/;2019;37;1;00010 (O pediatra deve investigar sintomas de transtornos obsessivos compulsivos em crianÇas com dificuldades alimentares?).CrossRefPubMed

Carter, M. M., Sbrocco, T., Miller, O. Jr., Suchday, S., Lewis, E. L., & Freedman, R. E. (2005). Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Penn state worry questionnaire: Differences between African-American and White-American college students. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19(8), 827–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.11.001CrossRefPubMed

Chang, S., Abdin, E., Shafie, S., Sambasivam, R., Vaingankar, J. A., Ma, S., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2019). Prevalence and correlates of generalized anxiety disorder in Singapore: Results from the second Singapore Mental Health Study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 66, 102106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102106CrossRefPubMed

Chia, H. B., Egri, C. P., Ralston, D. A., Fu, P. P., Kuo, M. H. C., Lee, C. H., Li, Y., & Moon, Y. L. (2007). Four tigers and the dragon: Values differences, similarities, and consensus [journal article]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24(3), 305–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-006-9033-0CrossRef

Chong, S. A., Abdin, E., Sherbourne, C., Vaingankar, J., Heng, D., Yap, M., & Subramaniam, M. (2012). Treatment gap in common mental disorders: The Singapore perspective. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 21(2), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796011000771CrossRefPubMed

Clark, D. A., Abramowitz, J., Alcolado, G. M., Alonso, P., Belloch, A., Bouvard, M., Coles, M. E., Doron, G., Fernández-Álvarez, H., Garcia-Soriano, G., Ghisi, M., Gomez, B., Inozu, M., Moulding, R., Radomsky, A. S., Shams, G., Sica, C., Simos, G., & Wong, W. (2014). Part 3. A question of perspective: The association between intrusive thoughts and obsessionality in 11 countries. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 3(3), 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.12.006CrossRef

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power for the social sciences. Laurence Erlbaum and Associates.

Counsell, A., Cribbie, R. A., & Flora, D. B. (2020). Evaluating equivalence testing methods for measurement invariance. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 55(2), 312–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2019.1633617CrossRefPubMed

Crittendon, J., & Hopko, D. R. (2006). Assessing worry in older and younger adults: Psychometric properties of an abbreviated Penn state worry questionnaire (PSWQ-A). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(8), 1036–1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.11.006CrossRefPubMed

Das-Munshi, J., Castro-Costa, E., Dewey, M. E., Nazroo, J., & Prince, M. (2014). Cross-cultural factorial validation of the clinical interview schedule–revised (CIS-R); findings from a nationally representative survey (EMPIRIC). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 23(2), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1428CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

DeLapp, R. C. T., Chapman, L. K., & Williams, M. T. (2016). Psychometric properties of a brief version of the Penn state worry questionnaire in African Americans and European Americans. Psychological Assessment, 28(5), 499–508. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000208CrossRefPubMed

Deng, J., Zhou, F., Hou, W., Heybati, K., Lohit, S., Abbas, U., Silver, Z., Wong, C. Y., Chang, O., Huang, E., Zuo, Q. K., Moskalyk, M., Ramaraju, H. B., & Heybati, S. (2023). Prevalence of mental health symptoms in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1520(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14947CrossRefPubMed

do Nascimento, R. L. F., Fajardo-Bullon, F., Santos, E., Landeira-Fernandez, J., & Anunciacao, L. (2023). Psychometric properties and cross-cultural invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Beck Anxiety Inventory among a representative sample of Spanish, Portuguese, and Brazilian undergraduate students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20116009

Draguns, J. G., & Tanaka-Matsumi, J. (2003). Assessment of psychopathology across and within cultures: Issues and findings. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(7), 755–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00190-0CrossRefPubMed

Flora, D. B., & Curran, P. J. (2004). An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data. Psychological Methods, 9(4), 466–491. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.9.4.466CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002). The obsessive-compulsive inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14(4), 485–496. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485CrossRefPubMed

French, B. F., & Finch, W. H. (2006). Confirmatory factor analytic procedures for the determination of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 13(3), 378–402. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1303_3CrossRef

Hajcak, G., Huppert, J. D., Simons, R. F., & Foa, E. B. (2004). Psychometric properties of the OCI-R in a college sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(1), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.08.002CrossRefPubMed

Higgins, E. T., Klein, R., & Strauman, T. (1985). Self-concept discrepancy theory: A psychological model for distinguishing among different aspects of depression and anxiety. Social Cognition, 3(1), 51–76. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.1985.3.1.51CrossRef

Hopko, D. R., Reas, D. L., Beck, J. G., Stanley, M. A., Wetherell, J. L., Novy, D. M., & Averill, P. M. (2003). Assessing worry in older adults: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Penn State worry questionnaire and psychometric properties of an abbreviated model. Psychological Assessment, 15(2), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.15.2.173CrossRefPubMed

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118CrossRef

Jayawickreme, N., Verkuilen, J., Jayawickreme, E., Acosta, K., & Foa, E. B. (2017). Measuring depression in a non-western war-affected displaced population: Measurement equivalence of the Beck Depression Inventory [Original Research]. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(1670), 1670. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01670CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kaplan, D., & George, R. (1995). A study of the power associated with testing factor mean differences under violations of factorial invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2(2), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519509539999CrossRef

Karsten, J., Nolen, W. A., Penninx, B. W., & Hartman, C. A. (2011). Subthreshold anxiety better defined by symptom self-report than by diagnostic interview. Journal of Affective Disorders, 129(1–3), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.09.006CrossRefPubMed

Kessler, R. C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Chatterji, S., Lee, S., Ormel, J., Ustun, T. B., & Wang, P. S. (2009). The global burden of mental disorders: An update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Epidemiologia E Psichiatria Sociale, 18(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1121189X00001421CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593CrossRefPubMed

Kim, E. S., & Yoon, M. (2011). Testing measurement invariance: A comparison of multiple-group categorical CFA and IRT. Structural Equation Modeling, 18(2), 212–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2011.557337CrossRef

Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Cicero, D. C., Conway, C. C., DeYoung, C. G., Eaton, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Hallquist, M. N., Latzman, R. D., Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., Ruggero, C. J., Simms, L. J., Waldman, I. D., Waszczuk, M. A., & Wright, A. G. C. (2021). The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP): A quantitative nosology based on consensus of evidence. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 17, 83–108. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-093304CrossRefPubMed

Koziol, N. A., & Bovaird, J. A. (2018). The impact of model parameterization and estimation methods on tests of measurement invariance with ordered polytomous data. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 78(2), 272–296.

Lee, H. K., Kim, J. H., SanghwangHong, Lee, E., & Hwang, S. T. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Beck anxiety inventory in the community-dwelling sample of Korean adults. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(4), 822–830. https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2016.35.4.010CrossRef

Liu, K., Nijmeh, J. S., & Warren, S. L. (2022). Factor structure, measurement invariance, and concurrent validity of the Penn state worry questionnaire across development, psychopathology, and culture. Assessment, 29(5), 909–924. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191121993223CrossRefPubMed

Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., Balla, J. R., & Grayson, D. (1998). Is more ever too much? The number of indicators per factor in confirmatory factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 33(2), 181–220. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3302_1CrossRefPubMed

McEvoy, P. M., Hyett, M. P., Shihata, S., Price, J. E., & Strachan, L. (2019). The impact of methodological and measurement factors on transdiagnostic associations with intolerance of uncertainty: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 73, 101778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101778CrossRefPubMed

Meade, A. W., & Bauer, D. J. (2007). Power and precision in confirmatory factor analytic tests of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14(4), 611–635. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701575461CrossRef

Meade, A. W., Johnson, E. C., & Braddy, P. W. (2008). Power and sensitivity of alternative fit indices in tests of measurement invariance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3), 568–592. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.568CrossRefPubMed

Mellick, W., Hatkevich, C., Venta, A., Hill, R. M., Kazimi, I., Elhai, J. D., & Sharp, C. (2019). Measurement invariance of depression symptom ratings across African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Caucasian adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Psychological Assessment, 31(6), 833–838. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000708CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Melli, G., Chiorri, C., Bulli, F., Carraresi, C., Stopani, E., & Abramowitz, J. (2015). Factor congruence and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Dimensional Obsessive-compulsive scale (DOCS) across non-clinical and clinical samples [journal article]. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 37(2), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-014-9450-1CrossRef

Millsap, R. E. (1998). Group differences in regression intercepts: Implications for factorial invariance. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 33(3), 403–424. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3303_5CrossRefPubMed

Millsap, R. E., & Kwok, O. M. (2004). Evaluating the impact of partial factorial invariance on selection in two populations. Psychological Methods, 9(1), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.9.1.93CrossRefPubMed

Minkov, M., & Kaasa, A. (2022). Do dimensions of culture exist objectively? A validation of the revised Minkov-Hofstede model of culture with world values survey items and scores for 102 countries. Journal of International Management, 28(4), 100971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2022.100971CrossRef

Murray, C. J., Vos, T., Lozano, R., Naghavi, M., Flaxman, A. D., Michaud, C., Ezzati, M., Shibuya, K., Salomon, J. A., Abdalla, S., Aboyans, V., Abraham, J., Ackerman, I., Aggarwal, R., Ahn, S. Y., Ali, M. K., AlMazroa, M. A., Alvarado, M., Anderson, H. R., & Lopez, A. D. (2012). Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet, 380(9859), 2197–2223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4CrossRefPubMed

Nuevo, R., Dunn, G., Dowrick, C., Vázquez-Barquerc, J. L., Casey, P., Dalgard, O. S., Lehtinen, V., & Ayuso-Mateos, J. L. (2009). Cross-cultural equivalence of the Beck depression inventory: A five-country analysis from the ODIN study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 114(1–3), 156–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.021CrossRefPubMed

Nuevo, R., Mackintosh, M. A., Gatz, M., Montorio, I., & Wetherell, J. L. (2007). A test of the measurement invariance of a brief version of the Penn state worry questionnaire between American and Spanish older adults. International Psychogeriatrics, 19(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610206003450CrossRefPubMed

Nussbeck, F. W., Eid, M., & Lischetzke, T. (2006). Analysing multitrait–multimethod data with structural equation models for ordinal variables applying the WLSMV estimator: What sample size is needed for valid results? British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 59(1), 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1348/000711005X67490CrossRefPubMed

Olatunji, B. O., Christian, C., Brosof, L., Tolin, D. F., & Levinson, C. A. (2019). What is at the core of OCD? A network analysis of selected obsessive-compulsive symptoms and beliefs. Journal of Affective Disorders, 257, 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.064CrossRefPubMed

Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3–72. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3CrossRefPubMed

Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental Review, 41, 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004CrossRefPubMed

Rhemtulla, M., Brosseau-Liard, P. É., & Savalei, V. (2012). When can categorical variables be treated as continuous? A comparison of robust continuous and categorical SEM estimation methods under suboptimal conditions. Psychological Methods, 17(3), 354–373. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029315CrossRefPubMed

Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02CrossRef

Rusticus, S. A., & Lovato, C. Y. (2014). Impact of sample size and variability on the power and type I error rates of equivalence tests: A simulation study. Practical Assessment Research and Evaluation, 19(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.7275/4s9m-4e81CrossRef

Sass, D. A., & Schmitt, T. A. (2013). Testing measurement and structural invariance: Implications for practice. In Handbook of quantitative methods for educational research (pp. 315–345). Brill.

Sass, D. A., Schmitt, T. A., & Marsh, H. W. (2014). Evaluating model fit with ordered categorical data within a measurement invariance framework: A comparison of estimators. Structural Equation Modeling, 21(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2014.882658CrossRef

Seppänen, M., Lankila, T., Auvinen, J., Miettunen, J., Korpelainen, R., & Timonen, M. (2022). Cross-cultural comparison of depressive symptoms on the Beck depression inventory-II, across six population samples. BJPsych Open, 8(2), e46. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.13CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Sæmundsson, B. R., Þórsdóttir, F., Kristjánsdóttir, H., Ólason, D. Þ., Smári, J., & Sigurðsson, J. F. (2011). Psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of the Beck anxiety inventory in a clinical and a student population. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27(2), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000059CrossRef

Sprinkle, S. D., Lurie, D., Insko, S. L., Atkinson, G., Jones, G. L., Logan, A. R., & Bissada, N. N. (2002). Criterion validity, severity cut scores, and test-retest reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a university counseling center sample. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49(3), 381–385. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.49.3.381CrossRef

Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(2), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4CrossRefPubMed

Subramaniam, M., Abdin, E., Vaingankar, J. A., Shafie, S., Chua, B. Y., Sambasivam, R., Zhang, Y. J., Shahwan, S., Chang, S., Chua, H. C., Verma, S., James, L., Kwok, K. W., Heng, D., & Chong, S. A. (2020). Tracking the mental health of a nation: Prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in the second Singapore mental health study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000179. e29, Article e29.

Sung, M., Ooi, Y. P., Goh, T. J., Pathy, P., Fung, D. S., Ang, R. P., … & Lam, C. M. (2011). Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 42, 634–649.

Tomarken, A. J., & Waller, N. G. (2005). Structural equation modeling: Strengths, limitations, and misconceptions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 31–65. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144239CrossRefPubMed

Vaingankar, J. A., Rekhi, G., Subramaniam, M., Abdin, E., & Chong, S. A. (2013). Age of onset of life-time mental disorders and treatment contact. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(5), 835–843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0601-yCrossRefPubMed

Wasti, S. A., Tan, H. H., Brower, H. H., & Önder, Ç. (2007). Cross-cultural measurement of supervisor trustworthiness: An assessment of measurement invariance across three cultures. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(5), 477–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.07.004CrossRef

Whisman, M. A., Judd, C. M., Whiteford, N. T., & Gelhorn, H. L. (2013). Measurement invariance of the Beck depression inventory–second edition (BDI-II) across gender, race, and ethnicity in college students. Assessment, 20(4), 419–428. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191112460273CrossRefPubMed

Wong, S. Y. S., Yip, B. H. K., Mak, W. W. S., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y. L., Ling, C. Y. M., & Ma, H. S. W. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 209(1), 68–75.

Woody, S. R., Miao, S., & Kellman-McFarlane, K. (2015). Cultural differences in social anxiety: A meta-analysis of Asian and European heritage samples. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036548CrossRef

Yoon, M., & Lai, M. H. C. (2017). Testing factorial invariance with unbalanced samples. Structural Equation Modeling, 25(2), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2017.1387859CrossRef

Zainal, N. H., Newman, M. G., & Hong, R. Y. (2021). Cross-cultural and gender invariance of transdiagnostic processes in the United States and Singapore. Assessment, 28(2), 485–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191119869832CrossRefPubMed

Zhang, A., Franklin, C., Jing, S., Bornheimer, L. A., Hai, A. H., Himle, J. A., Kong, D., & Ji, Q. (2019). The effectiveness of four empirically supported psychotherapies for primary care depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 1168–1186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.008CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Examining Cross-Cultural Invariance of Common Mental Disorder Symptom Measures in the United States and Singapore
Auteurs: Natalia Van Doren
Nur Hani Zainal
Ryan Y. Hong
Michelle G. Newman
Publicatiedatum: 23-08-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 2/2025
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10519-4

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2025

Retraction Note: Entrée or Sampler? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Approaches to Single Session Internet-Based Interventions

Open Access
Retraction Note

Training to Increase Processing of Positive Content Paradoxically Decreases Positive Memory Bias in High Levels of Depression

Open Access
Original Article

The Interplay of Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Emotion Regulation Strategies in College Students

Manuscript

Associations Between a Transdiagnostic Core Vulnerability and Internalizing Symptoms: A Network Analysis

Original Article

Specificity of Emotion Regulation Processes in Depression: A Network Analysis

Original Article

Lay Theories for Social Anxiety: Examining the Impact of Viewing Social Anxiety as Malleable Due to Personal Effort versus Fixed in Nature in a Non-clinical Sample

Manuscript

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Examining Cross-Cultural Invariance of Common Mental Disorder Symptom Measures in the United States and Singapore

Abstract

Background

Method

Results

Conclusions

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2025

Retraction Note: Entrée or Sampler? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Approaches to Single Session Internet-Based Interventions

Training to Increase Processing of Positive Content Paradoxically Decreases Positive Memory Bias in High Levels of Depression

The Interplay of Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Emotion Regulation Strategies in College Students

Associations Between a Transdiagnostic Core Vulnerability and Internalizing Symptoms: A Network Analysis

Specificity of Emotion Regulation Processes in Depression: A Network Analysis

Lay Theories for Social Anxiety: Examining the Impact of Viewing Social Anxiety as Malleable Due to Personal Effort versus Fixed in Nature in a Non-clinical Sample

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Background

Method

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Retraction Note: Entrée or Sampler? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Approaches to Single Session Internet-Based Interventions

Training to Increase Processing of Positive Content Paradoxically Decreases Positive Memory Bias in High Levels of Depression

The Interplay of Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Emotion Regulation Strategies in College Students

Associations Between a Transdiagnostic Core Vulnerability and Internalizing Symptoms: A Network Analysis

Specificity of Emotion Regulation Processes in Depression: A Network Analysis

Lay Theories for Social Anxiety: Examining the Impact of Viewing Social Anxiety as Malleable Due to Personal Effort versus Fixed in Nature in a Non-clinical Sample