Top

Gepubliceerd in:

29-10-2024 | Original Article

Parent Psychological Control and Youth Social Anxiety: Examining Attention Control and its Components as Moderators

Auteurs: Marissa M. Falcone, Yasmin Rey, Lyndsey J. Chong, Carla E. Marin, Eli R. Lebowitz, Wendy K. Silverman, Jeremy W. Pettit

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 2/2025

Abstract

Purpose

Parent psychological control is associated with youth social anxiety; however, the association may be stronger for some youth than others. Guided by theory and empirical research, we examined youth attention control and its components, attention focusing and attention shifting, as moderators using parent and youth questionnaire data.

Methods

Participants were 208 youths (ages 9 to 14 years, M = 11.89 years; SD = 1.56; 59.9% females assigned at birth; 51.0% Hispanic/Latino) referred to anxiety disorders specialty clinics.

Results

Parent-reported data revealed that youths’ attention focusing significantly moderated the association between parent psychological control and youth social anxiety. That is, among youth with high ability to focus and sustain their attention, high parent psychological control (i.e., intrusive and demanding guilt-inducing behavior) was associated with high youth social anxiety. Youth-reported data revealed that high parent psychological control was related to high social anxiety, however attention control, attention focusing, and attention shifting did not significantly moderate the association between parent psychological control and youth social anxiety.

Conclusions

Theoretical and clinical implications particularly with respect to treatment development are discussed.

vorige artikel Lay Theories for Social Anxiety: Examining the Impact of Viewing Social Anxiety as Malleable Due to Personal Effort versus Fixed in Nature in a Non-clinical Sample

volgende artikel Training to Increase Processing of Positive Content Paradoxically Decreases Positive Memory Bias in High Levels of Depression

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Affrunti, N. W., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2012a). Exploring parental predictors of child anxiety: The mediating role of child interpretation bias. Child and Youth Care Forum, 41(6), 517–527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-012-9186-6CrossRefPubMed

Affrunti, N. W., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2012b). Maternal overcontrol and child anxiety: The mediating role of perceived competence. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 43(1), 102–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-011-0248-zCrossRef

Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67(6), 3296–3319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01915.xCrossRefPubMed

Barber, B. K., Bean, R. L., & Erickson, L. D. (2002). Expanding the study and understanding of psychological control. In B. K. Barber (Ed.), Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents (pp. 263–289). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10422-009

Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., & Morris, T. L. (1995). A new inventory to assess childhood social anxiety and phobia: The social phobia and anxiety inventory for children. Psychological Assessment, 7(1), 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.1.73CrossRef

Bose, D., Vaclavik, D., Buitron, V., Rey, Y., Silverman, W. K., & Pettit, J. W. (2019). Attention control and threat-related attention bias partially explain the association between maternal psychological control and youth anxiety severity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 43(2), 427–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-018-9982-xCrossRef

Costello, E. J., Egger, H. L., & Angold, A. (2005). The developmental epidemiology of anxiety disorders: Phenomenology, prevalence, and comorbidity. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 14(4), 631–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2005.06.003CrossRef

Creveling-Benefield, C. C., & Varela, R. E. (2019). Parental psychological control, maladaptive schemas, and childhood anxiety: Test of a developmental model. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(8), 2159–2171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01434-4CrossRef

Crone, E. A., & Steinbeis, N. (2017). Neural perspectives on cognitive control development during childhood and adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(3), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.01.003CrossRefPubMed

De Los Reyes, A., & Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: A critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study. Psychological Bulletin, 131(4), 483. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.4.483CrossRef

Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance. Attentional Control Theory Emotion, 7(2), 336–353. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336CrossRefPubMed

Falcone, M. M., Bar-Haim, Y., Lebowitz, E. R., Silverman, W. K., & Pettit, J. W. (2024). Attention training for child anxiety and its disorders: Moving from research to clinical implementation. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-024-00482-7

Festa, C. C., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2011). Parental and peer predictors of social anxiety in youth. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 42, 291–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-011-0215-8CrossRef

Ginsburg, G. S., Kendall, P. C., Sakolsky, D., Compton, S. N., Piacentini, J., Albano, A. M., Walkup, J. T., Sherrill, J., Coffey, K. A., Rynn, M. A., Keeton, C. P., McCracken, J. T., Bergman, L., Iyengar, S., Birmaher, B., & March, J. (2011). Remission after acute treatment in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders: Findings from the CAMS. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(6), 806–813. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025933CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Jaccard, J., & Turrisi, R. (2003). Interaction effects in multiple regression (p. 72). Sage.

Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593CrossRefPubMed

Linetzky, M., Pettit, J. W., Silverman, W. K., Pine, D. S., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2020). What drives symptom reduction in attention bias modification treatment? A randomized controlled experiment in clinically anxious youths. Clinical Psychological Science, 8(3), 506–518. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702620902130CrossRef

Lonigan, C. J., & Vasey, M. W. (2009). Negative affectivity, effortful control, and attention to threat-relevant stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(3), 387–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9284-yCrossRefPubMed

Lonigan, C. J., Vasey, M. W., Phillips, B. M., & Hazen, R. A. (2004). Temperament, anxiety, and the processing of threat-relevant stimuli. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(1), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3301_2CrossRefPubMed

Luna, B., Garver, K. E., Urban, T. A., Lazar, N. A., & Sweeney, J. A. (2004). Maturation of cognitive processes from late childhood to adulthood. Child Development, 75(5), 1357–1372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00745.xCrossRefPubMed

Lyneham, H. J., Abbott, M. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2007). Interrater reliability of the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Child and parent version. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(6), 731–736. https://doi.org/10.1097/chi.0b013e3180465a09CrossRef

McLeod, B. D., Wood, J. J., & Weisz, J. R. (2007). Examining the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.09.002CrossRefPubMed

Melendez, R., Bechor, M., Rey, Y., Pettit, J. W., & Silverman, W. K. (2017). Attention control scale for children: Factor structure and concurrent validity among children and adolescents referred for anxiety disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(4), 489–499. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22346CrossRefPubMed

Merikangas, K. R., Nakamura, E. F., & Kessler, R. C. (2009). Epidemiology of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 11(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2009.11.1/krmerikangasCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Muris, P., de Jong, P. J., & Engelen, S. (2004). Relationships between neuroticism, attentional control, and anxiety disorders symptoms in non-clinical children. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(4), 789–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.10.007CrossRef

Muris, P., Meesters, C., & Rompelberg, L. (2007). Attention control in middle childhood: Relations to psychopathological symptoms and threat perception distortions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(5), 997–1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2006.07.010CrossRefPubMed

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2012). 1998–2012. Mplus user’s guide. Los Angel Muthen Muthen

Nanda, M. M., Kotchick, B. A., & Grover, R. L. (2012). Parental psychological control and childhood anxiety: The mediating role of perceived lack of control. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(4), 637–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9516-6CrossRef

Patriarca, G., Rey, Y., Yeguez, C. E., Buitron, V., McMakin, D. L., & Pettit, J. W. (2024). Attentional control accounts for the association between anxiety sensitivity and sleep efficiency in clinic-referred youth. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-023-01631-9

Pergamin-Hight, L., Bitton, S., Pine, D. S., Fox, N. A., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2016). Attention and interpretation biases and attention control in youth with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 7(3), 484–498. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.053115CrossRef

Pettit, J. W., Bechor, M., Rey, Y., Vasey, M. W., Abend, R., Pine, D. S., Bar-Haim, Y., Jaccard, J., & Silverman, W. K. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of attention bias modification treatment in youth with treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(1), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.02.018CrossRef

Pettit, J. W., Rey, Y., Marin, C. E., Bechor, M., Lebowitz, E. R., Vasey, M. W., Jaccard, J., Abend, R., Pine, D. S., Bar-Haim, Y., & Silverman, W. K. (2023). Attention training as a low-intensity treatment for concerning anxiety in clinic-referred youth. Behavior Therapy, 54(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2022.07.004CrossRefPubMed

Rapee, R. M., Schniering, C. A., & Hudson, J. L. (2009). Anxiety disorders during childhood and adolescence: Origins and treatment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5, 311–341. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153628CrossRefPubMed

Regier, D. A., Rae, D. S., Narrow, W. E., Kaelber, C. T., & Schatzberg, A. F. (1998). Prevalence of anxiety disorders and their comorbidity with mood and addictive disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 173(Suppl 34), 24–28. https://doi.org/10.1192/S0007125000293483CrossRef

Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L., Blicher, A., Rinck, M., & Klein, A. (2022). Executive attention control impairments and social anxiety symptoms in children. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221094969

Rork, K. E., & Morris, T. L. (2009). Influence of parenting factors on childhood social anxiety: Direct observation of parental warmth and control. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 31(3), 220–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317100903099274CrossRef

Safford, S. M., Alloy, L. B., & Pieracci, A. (2007). A comparison of two measures of parental behavior. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16(3), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-006-9092-3CrossRef

Schleider, J. L., Vélez, C. E., Krause, E. D., & Gillham, J. (2014). Perceived psychological control and anxiety in early adolescents: The mediating role of attributional style. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-013-9573-9CrossRef

Schludermann, E., & Schludermann, S. (1970). Replicability of factors in children’s report of parent behavior (CRPBI). The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 76(2), 239–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1970.9916845CrossRef

Shackman, A. J., Stockbridge, M. D., Tillman, R. M., Kaplan, C. M., Tromp, D. P., Fox, A. S., & Gamer, M. (2016). The neurobiology of dispositional negativity and attentional biases to threat: Implications for understanding anxiety disorders in adults and youth. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 7(3), 311–342. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.054015CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shi, R., Sharpe, L., & Abbott, M. (2019). A meta-analysis of the relationship between anxiety and attention control. Clinical Psychology Review, 72, 101754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101754CrossRefPubMed

Silverman, W. K., & Albano, A. M. (1996). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV: Parent/child version. Oxford University Press.

Silverman, W. K., Saavedra, L. M., & Pina, A. A. (2001). Test-retest reliability of anxiety symptoms and diagnoses with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Child and parent versions. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(8), 937–944. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200108000-00016CrossRef

Silverman, W. K., Marin, C. E., Rey, Y., Jaccard, J., & Pettit, J. W. (2021). Directional effects of parent and child anxiety 1 year following treatment of child anxiety, and the mediational role of parent psychological control. Depression and Anxiety, 38, 1289–1297. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23210CrossRefPubMed

Silverman, W. K., Rey, Y., Marin, C. E., Jaccard, J., & Pettit, J. W. (2022). Does training parents in reinforcement skills or relationship skills enhance individual youths’ cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety? Outcome, specificity, and mediation. Clinical Psychological Science, 10(2), 355–373. https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026211016402CrossRefPubMed

Susa, G., Pitică, I., Benga, O., & Miclea, M. (2012). The self regulatory effect of attentional control in modulating the relationship between attentional biases toward threat and anxiety symptoms in children. Cognition and Emotion, 26(6), 1069–1083. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.638910CrossRefPubMed

Tulbure, B. T., Szentagotai, A., Dobrean, A., & David, D. (2012). Evidence based clinical assessment of child and adolescent social phobia: A critical review of rating scales. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 43(5), 795–820. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-012-0297-yCrossRef

van Son, D., Marin, C. E., Boutris, P., Rey, Y., Lebowitz, E. R., Pettit, J. W., & Silverman, W. K. (2021). Attending to the attention control scale for children: Confirming its factor structure and measurement invariance. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 80, 102399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102399CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wood, J. J., Piacentini, J. C., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J., & Barrios, V. (2002). Concurrent validity of the anxiety disorders section of the anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV: Child and parent versions. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 31(3), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3103_05CrossRef

Titel: Parent Psychological Control and Youth Social Anxiety: Examining Attention Control and its Components as Moderators
Auteurs: Marissa M. Falcone
Yasmin Rey
Lyndsey J. Chong
Carla E. Marin
Eli R. Lebowitz
Wendy K. Silverman
Jeremy W. Pettit
Publicatiedatum: 29-10-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 2/2025
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10538-1

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2025

Network Analysis of Cognitive-Behavioral Symptom Connectivity in OCD Subtypes: Evaluating SSRI Treatment Response and Resistance

Original Paper

Insomnia, Social Disconnectedness, and Suicidal Ideation Severity in Underserved Veterans

Brief Report

A Vicious Cycle? Group-Level Analysis of Intra-Individual Dynamics in Mental Health Variables

Open Access
Original Article

Out of My League: Dating Preferences of Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder

Original Article

Examining Cross-Cultural Invariance of Common Mental Disorder Symptom Measures in the United States and Singapore

Original Article

Correction to: Microaggressions and Cannabis-Related Problems Among Black Adults: The Roles of Negative Affect and Cannabis Use Motives

Correction

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Parent Psychological Control and Youth Social Anxiety: Examining Attention Control and its Components as Moderators

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2025

Network Analysis of Cognitive-Behavioral Symptom Connectivity in OCD Subtypes: Evaluating SSRI Treatment Response and Resistance

Insomnia, Social Disconnectedness, and Suicidal Ideation Severity in Underserved Veterans

A Vicious Cycle? Group-Level Analysis of Intra-Individual Dynamics in Mental Health Variables

Out of My League: Dating Preferences of Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder

Examining Cross-Cultural Invariance of Common Mental Disorder Symptom Measures in the United States and Singapore

Correction to: Microaggressions and Cannabis-Related Problems Among Black Adults: The Roles of Negative Affect and Cannabis Use Motives

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij THIM Hogeschool voor Fysiotherapie & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Network Analysis of Cognitive-Behavioral Symptom Connectivity in OCD Subtypes: Evaluating SSRI Treatment Response and Resistance

Insomnia, Social Disconnectedness, and Suicidal Ideation Severity in Underserved Veterans

A Vicious Cycle? Group-Level Analysis of Intra-Individual Dynamics in Mental Health Variables

Out of My League: Dating Preferences of Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder

Examining Cross-Cultural Invariance of Common Mental Disorder Symptom Measures in the United States and Singapore

Correction to: Microaggressions and Cannabis-Related Problems Among Black Adults: The Roles of Negative Affect and Cannabis Use Motives